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NPV (Net Present Value) Net Present Value (NPV) is understood as the value of all project-related cash expenses and revenues, incurred or earned over the lifetime of the project, discounted as at the project start year. A project is economically viable if NPV > 0 and is as high as possible. Net Present Value may be presented as follows: NPV =∑CF ⋅a=∑CF ⋅ 1 =∑ CFt t where: NPV – Net Present Value – the sum of discounted cash flows; CFt – cash flow in year t,: t – a given year in the project’s lifetime, a – discount factor, which discounts (brings) the future value of money to the equivalent present value, expressed by the following formula: a=1 (1 + r ) t r – discount rate, in most cases corresponding to the interest rate on one-year bank deposits [30]. IRR (Internal Rate of Return) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is a discount rate at which the present value of cash inflows (project revenues) is equal to the present value of cash outflows related to the project construction and operation. IRR is expressed as a percentage and corresponds to the time it takes to recover the initial investment (payback). In other words, IRR represents a discount rate at which NPV equals 0. IRR can be calculated using the following formula: )=0 t (1+ r)t (1+ r)t n1 ∑(CFt ⋅ i=1 (1+ IRR)t where: CFt – the difference between inflows and outflows in year t, n – number of years. 84PDF Image | Landfill Gas Energy Technologies
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