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In order to calculate IRR, it is necessary to continue calculating NPV at different discount rates until one achieves NPV close to 0. Excel spreadsheets include an embedded IRR function (the problem is addressed using the iterative approach). If we know two discount rate values r1 and r2 such that the r1 value gives NPV close to 0 but positive (designated as NPV1) and the r2 value gives NPV close to zero but negative (designated as NPV2), we can calculate an approximate IRR using the following formula: IRR=r +[(r −r)⋅( 121 NPV )] 1 NPV − NPV 12 where: r1 – discount rate which gives a positive NPV; r2 - discount rate which gives a negative NPV [45]. 4. Project Development Options Once the decision is made to initiate an LFG energy project, the next step is to determine who develops, manages, and operates the project. Two primary models can be followed in structuring the development, ownership, and operation of an LFG energy project: • A landfill owner/operator can self-develop the project and operate the LFG energy project with landfill personnel. The landfill owner directly hires individual consultants and contractors to fulfil each role that the landfill personnel cannot perform themselves. • An outside project developer can finance, construct, own, and operate the LFG energy project [7]. There are also hybrid approaches to developing an LFG energy project, but they all draw on the same principles presented in this chapter. In any case, the landfill, energy end user, and LFG energy project owner will need assistance from outside partners. These partners typically are consulting engineers, lawyers, contractors, regulatory and planning agencies, community members, and financial professionals. The involvement of multiple partners helps to ensure timely development of an LFG energy project that is financially feasible and benefits the environment and the local community. 85PDF Image | Landfill Gas Energy Technologies
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