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the SRT/HRT ratio. In conventional digesters, the ratio is 1.0. Effective retention systems will have SRT/HRT ratios exceeding 3.0. At an SRT/HRT ratio of 3.0 the digester will be 1/3rd the size of a conventional digester. Digester Loading (kg / m3 / d) Neither the hydraulic retention time (HRT), nor the solids retention time (SRT) tells the full story of the impact that the influent waste concentration has on the anaerobic digester. One waste may be dilute and the other concentrated. The concentrated waste will produce more gas per gallon and affect the digester to a much greater extent than the diluted waste. A more appropriate measure of the waste on the digester’s size and performance is the loading. The loading can be reported in pounds of waste (influent concentration x influent flow) per cubic foot of digester volume. The more common units are kilograms of influent waste per cubic meter of digester volume per day (kg / m3 / d). One (kg / m3 / d) is equal to 0.0624 (lb / ft3 / d). The digester loading can be calculated if the HRT and influent waste concentration are known. The loading in (kg / m3 / d) is simply: I 1 L = (C ) HRT Where CI is the influent waste concentration in grams. Increasing the loading will reduce the digester size but will also reduce the percentage of volatile solids converted to gas. Food to Microorganism Ratio The food to microorganism ratio is the key factor controlling anaerobic digestion. At a given temperature, the bacterial consortia can only consume a limited amount of food each day. In order to consume the required number of pounds of waste one must supply the proper number of pounds of bacteria. The ratio of the pounds of waste supplied to the pounds of bacteria available to consume the waste is the food to microorganism ratio (F/M). This ratio is the controlling factor in all biological treatment processes. A lower the F/M ratio will result in a greater percentage of the waste being converted to gas. Unfortunately, the bacterial mass is difficult to measure since it is difficult to differentiate the bacterial mass from the influent waste. The task would be easier if all of the influent waste were converted to biomass or gas. In that case, the F/M ratio would simply be the digester loading divided by the concentration of volatile solids (biomass) in the digester (L / Cd). For any given loading, the © Environmental Energy Company 23 www.makingenergy.com 360-923-2000PDF Image | Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion Handbook Options for Recovering Beneficial Products From Dairy Manure
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