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efficiency can be improved by lowering the F/M ratio by increasing the concentration of biomass in the digester. Also for any given biomass concentration within the digester, the efficiency can be improved by decreasing the loading. Unfortunately, a portion of the influent waste is not processed or converted to biomass or gas by the bacteria. In that case the F/M ratio is equal to the VS loading divided by the digester VS measured (VSD) minus the unprocessed Volatile Solids (VSUP). The unprocessed volatile solids may include refractory or non-degradable biological products produced by the bacteria. F= LVS M VSD −VSUP End Product Removal The end products of anaerobic digestion can adversely affect the digestion process. Such products of anaerobic digestion include organic acids, ammonia nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide. For any given volatile solids conversion to gas, the higher the influent waste concentration, the greater the end product concentration. End product inhibition can be reduced by lowering the influent waste concentration or by separately removing the soluble end products from the digester through elutriation. Elutriation is the process of washing the solids (bacteria) with clean water to remove the products of digestion. The contact process provides an efficient means of removing the end products of digestion. End product removal can be enhanced by elutriation, which is easily incorporated into the contact process (Burke 1997). Digester Types A vast array of anaerobic digesters have been developed and placed in operation over the past fifty years. A variety of schemes could be used to classify the digestion processes. For dairy waste, the most important classification is whether or not it can be used to convert dairy waste solids to gas while meeting the goals of anaerobic digestion. The goals of dairy waste anaerobic digestion are as follows: 1. Reduce the mass of solids 2. Reduce the odors associated with the waste products 3. Produce clean effluent for recycle and irrigation 4. Concentrate the nutrients in a solid product for storage or export 5. Generate energy 6. Reduce pathogens associated with the waste © Environmental Energy Company 24 www.makingenergy.com 360-923-2000PDF Image | Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion Handbook Options for Recovering Beneficial Products From Dairy Manure
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