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digestion. If it is not removed before digestion it must be suspended during the digestion process. Toxic Materials Toxic materials such as fungicides and antibacterial agents can have an adverse effect on anaerobic digestion. The anaerobic process can handle small quantities of toxic materials without difficulty. Storage containers for fungicides and antibacterial agents should be placed at locations that will not discharge to the anaerobic digester. Nutrients Bacteria require a sufficient concentration of nutrients to achieve optimum growth. The carbon to nitrogen ratio in the waste should be less than 43. The carbon to phosphorus ratio should be less than 187. Hills and Roberts showed that a non-lignin C/N ratio of 20 to 25 is optimum for digester performance. Typically, “as excreted manure has a C/N ratio of 10. Temperature The anaerobic bacterial consortia function under three temperature ranges. Psychrophilic temperatures of less than 68 degrees Fahrenheit produce the least amount of bacterial action. Mesophilic digestion occurs between 68 degrees and 105 degrees Fahrenheit. Thermophilic digestion occurs between 110 degrees Fahrenheit and 160 degrees Fahrenheit. The optimum mesophilic temperature is between 95 and 98 degrees Fahrenheit. The optimum thermophilic temperature is between 140 and 145 degrees Fahrenheit. The rate of bacterial growth and waste degradation is faster under thermophilic conditions. On the other hand, thermophilic digestion produces an odorous effluent when compared to mesophilic digestion. Thermophilic digestion substantially increases the heat energy required for the process. In most cases, sufficient heat is not available to operate in the thermophilic range. This is especially true if flush systems are used or the milk parlor waste is mixed with the scraped manure. Large quantities of dilution flush water must be heated to the digester's operating temperature. During cold weather, control of the flush volume is critical in maintaining adequate digester temperatures. Seasonal and diurnal temperature fluctuations significantly affect anaerobic digestion and the quantities of gas produced. Bacterial storage and operational controls must be incorporated in the process design to maintain process stability under a variety of temperature conditions. Temperature is a universal process variable. It influences the rate of bacterial action as well as the quantity of moisture in the biogas. The biogas moisture © Environmental Energy Company 20 www.makingenergy.com 360-923-2000PDF Image | Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion Handbook Options for Recovering Beneficial Products From Dairy Manure
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