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Dilution also causes stratification within the digester. Undigested straw forms a thick mat on top of the digester while sand accumulates at the bottom. The optimum waste concentration is based on temperature and the quantity of straw and other constituents that are likely to separate within the anaerobic digester. It is desirable to keep the separation or stratification in the digester to a minimum. Intense mixing involving the consumption of power may reduce the stratification of dilute waste. The use of flush systems to remove the manure from the dairy barns has major economic advantages to the dairy. Flush systems normally use 100 to 200 gallons per cow, per day of dilution water. The flush volumes required are based on the lane or gutter length, width and slope (Fulhage and Martin 1994). The flush water usually contains very low concentrations of total and volatile solids. At 100 gallons per cow of flush water, the waste has only 12.5 percent of the "as excreted" concentration. At 200 gallons per cow per day of flush water the waste contains only 6.25 percent of the “as excreted” concentration. Table 3 below presents the waste characteristics using various flush volumes. Table 3 – Manure Waste Concentration with Various Flush Volumes “As Excreted (AE) Manure” Manure with 100 gal per Cow Flush Water Manure with 200 gal per Cow Flush Water Gallons for 1000 milk cows Total Solids Concentration (mg/l) Volatile solids Concentration (mg/l) COD Concentration (mg//) TKN Concentration (mg/l) Total P Concentration (mg/l) 14,267 114,000 120,000 15,000 102,000 12,750 129,400 16,176 5,294 662 824 103 214,000 8,000 6,800 8,627 353 55 The milk parlor also produces a substantial amount of dilute waste. Approximately 15% of the animal manure is deposited in the milk parlor. The resulting milk parlor waste has a composition similar to the flush waste presented in Table 3. Foreign Materials Addition of foreign materials such as animal bedding, sand and silt can have a significant impact on the anaerobic digestion process. For example, the poor performance of the Monroe, WA dairy digester was attributed to the use of cedar wood chip bedding (Ecotope 1979). The quantity and quality of the bedding material added to the manure will have a significant impact on the anaerobic digestion of dairy waste. Sand and silt must be removed before anaerobic © Environmental Energy Company 19 www.makingenergy.com 360-923-2000PDF Image | Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion Handbook Options for Recovering Beneficial Products From Dairy Manure
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