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Anaerobic Digestion Anaerobic digestion is the breakdown of organic material by a microbial population that lives in an oxygen free environment. Anaerobic means literally "without air". When organic matter is decomposed in an anaerobic environment the bacteria produce a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide gas. Anaerobic digestion treats waste by converting putrid organic materials to carbon dioxide and methane gas. This gas is referred to as biogas. The biogas can be used to produce both electrical power and heat. The conversion of solids to biogas results in a much smaller quantity of solids that must be disposed. During the anaerobic treatment process, organic nitrogen compounds are converted to ammonia, sulfur compounds are converted to hydrogen sulfide, phosphorus to orthophosphates, and calcium, magnesium, and sodium are converted to a variety of salts. Through proper operation, the inorganic constituents can be converted to a variety of beneficial products. The end products of anaerobic digestion are natural gas (methane) for energy production, heat produced from energy production, a nutrient rich organic slurry, and other marketable inorganic products. The effluent containing particulate and soluble organic and inorganic materials can be separated into its particulate and soluble constituents. The particulate solids can be sold or exported from the dairy while the nutrient rich liquids are applied to the land. Bacterial Consortia Anaerobic digestion is carried out by a group, or consortia of bacteria, working together to convert organic matter to gas and inorganic constituents. The first step of anaerobic digestion is the breakdown of particulate matter to soluble organic constituents that can be processed through the bacterial cell wall. Hydrolysis, or the liquification of insoluble materials is the rate-limiting step in anaerobic digestion of waste slurries. This step is carried out by a variety of bacteria through the release of extra-cellular enzymes that reside in close proximity to the bacteria. The soluble organic materials that are produced through hydrolysis consist of sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids. Those soluble constituents are converted to carbon dioxide and a variety of short chain organic acids by acid forming bacteria. Other groups of bacteria reduce the hydrogen toxicity by scavenging hydrogen to produce ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and methane. A group of methanogens converts acetic acid to methane gas. A wide variety of physical, chemical, and biological reactions take place. The bacterial consortia catalyze these reactions. Consequently, the most important factor in © Environmental Energy Company 16 www.makingenergy.com 360-923-2000PDF Image | Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion Handbook Options for Recovering Beneficial Products From Dairy Manure
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