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biogas HANDBOOK 1.1.6 Jobcreation Production of biogas from AD requires work power for production, collection and transport of AD feedstock, manufacture of technical equipment, construction, operation and maintenance of biogas plants. This means that the development of a national biogas sector contributes to the establishment of new enterprises, some with significant economic potential, increases the income in rural areas and creates new jobs. 1.1.7 Flexible and efficient end use of biogas Biogas is a flexible energy carrier, suitable for many different applications. One of the simplest applications of biogas is the direct use for cooking and lighting, but in many countries biogas is used nowadays for combined heat and power generation (CHP) or it is up- graded and fed into natural gas grids, used as vehicle fuel or in fuel cells. 1.1.8 Lowwaterinputs Even when compared to other biofuels, biogas has some advantages. One of them is that the AD process needs the lowest amount of process water. This is an important aspect related to the expected future water shortages in many regions of the world. 1.2 Benefitsforthefarmers 1.2.1 Additionalincomeforthefarmersinvolved Production of feedstock in combination with operation of biogas plants makes biogas technologies economically attractive for farmers and provides them with additional income. The farmers get also a new and important social function as energy providers and waste treatment operators. 1.2.2 Digestateisanexcellentfertiliser A biogas plant is not only a supplier of energy. The digested substrate, usually named digestate, is a valuable soil fertiliser, rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients, which can be applied on soils with the usual equipment for application of liquid manure. Compared to raw animal manure, digestate has improved fertiliser efficiency due to higher homogeneity and nutrient availability, better C/N ratio and significantly reduced odours. 1.2.3 Closednutrientcycle From the production of feedstock to the application of digestate as fertiliser, the biogas from AD provides a closed nutrient and carbon cycle (Figure 1.2). The methane (CH4) is used for energy production and the carbon dioxide (CO2) is released to the atmosphere and re-uptaken by vegetation during photosynthesis. Some carbon compounds remain in the digestate, improving the carbon content of soils, when digestate is applied as fertiliser. Biogas 12PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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