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biogas HANDBOOK production can be perfectly integrated into conventional and organic farming, where digestate replaces chemical fertilisers, produced with consumption of large amounts of fossil energy. 1.2.4 Flexibilitytousedifferentfeedstock Various types of feedstock can be used for the production of biogas: animal manure and slurries, crop residues, organic wastes from dairy production, food industries and agro- industries, wastewater sludge, organic fraction of municipal solid wastes, organic wastes from households and from catering business as well as energy crops. Biogas can also be collected, with special installations, from landfill sites. One main advantage of biogas production is the ability to use “wet biomass” types as feedstock, all characterised by moisture content higher than 60–70% (e.g. sewage sludge, animal slurries, flotation sludge from food processing etc.). In recent years, a number of energy crops (grains, maize, rapeseed), have been largely used as feedstock for biogas production in countries like Austria or Germany. Besides energy crops, all kinds of agricultural residues, damaged crops, unsuitable for food or resulting from unfavourable growing and weather conditions, can be used to produce biogas and fertiliser. A number of animal by-products, not suitable for human consumption, can also be processed in biogas plants. A more detailed description of biomass types, frequently used as substrates for AD can be found in Chapter 3.1. Figure 1.2 The sustainable cycle of biogas from AD (AL SEADI 2001) 1.2.5 Reducedodoursandflies Storage and application of liquid manure, animal dung and many organic wastes are sources of persistent, unpleasant odours and attract flies. AD reduces these odours by up to 80% (Figure 1.3). Digestate is almost odourless and the remaining ammonia odours disappear shortly after application as fertiliser. LIGHT PHOTOSYNTHESIS VEGET ABLE BIOMASS ANIMAL MANURE ORGANIC W ASTES FERTILISER CO2 O2 H2O ELECTRICITY AND HEAT BIOGAS ANAEROBIC DIGESTION 13PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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