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biogas HANDBOOK Unlike fossil fuels, biogas from AD is permanently renewable, as it is produced on biomass, which is actually a living storage of solar energy through photosynthesis. Biogas from AD will not only improve the energy balance of a country but also make an important contribution to the preservation of the natural resources and to environmental protection. 1.1.2 Reducedgreenhousegasemissionsandmitigationofglobal warming Utilisation of fossil fuels such as lignite, hard coal, crude oil and natural gas converts carbon, stored for millions of years in the Earth’s crust, and releases it as carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. An increase of the current CO2 concentration in the atmosphere causes global warming as carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas (GHG). The combustion of biogas also releases CO2. However, the main difference, when compared to fossil fuels, is that the carbon in biogas was recently up taken from the atmosphere, by photosynthetic activity of the plants. The carbon cycle of biogas is thus closed within a very short time (between one and several years). Biogas production by AD reduces also emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from storage and utilisation of untreated animal manure as fertiliser. The GHG potential of methane is higher than of carbon dioxide by 23 fold and of nitrous oxide by 296 fold. When biogas displaces fossil fuels from energy production and transport, a reduction of emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O will occur, contributing to mitigate global warming. 1.1.3 Reduceddependencyonimportedfossilfuels Fossil fuels are limited resources, concentrated in few geographical areas of our planet. This creates, for the countries outside this area, a permanent and insecure status of dependency on import of energy. Most European countries are strongly dependent on fossil energy imports from regions rich in fossil fuel sources such as Russia and the Middle East. Developing and implementing renewable energy systems such as biogas from AD, based on national and regional biomass resources, will increase security of national energy supply and diminish dependency on imported fuels. 1.1.4 ContributiontoEUenergyandenvironmentaltargets Fighting the global warming is one of the main priorities of the European energy and environmental policies. The European targets of renewable energy production, reduction of GHG emission, and sustainable waste management are based on the commitment of the EU member states to implement appropriate measures to reach them. The production and utilisation of biogas from AD has the potential to comply with all three targets at the same time. 1.1.5 Wastereduction One of the main advantages of biogas production is the ability to transform waste material into a valuable resource, by using it as substrate for AD. Many European countries are facing enormous problems associated with overproduction of organic wastes from industry, agriculture and households. Biogas production is an excellent way to comply with increasingly restrictive national and European regulations in this area and to utilise organic wastes for energy production, followed by recycling of the digested substrate as fertiliser. AD can also contribute to reducing the volume of waste and of costs for waste disposal. 11PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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