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biogas HANDBOOK 5 UTILISATION OF BIOGAS.............................................................................................................40 6 UTILISATION OF DIGESTATE......................................................................................................50 7 BIOGAS PLANT COMPONENTS..................................................................................................60 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Family scale biogas plants......................................................................................................30 Farm-scale biogas plants........................................................................................................31 Centralised (joint) co-digestion plants......................................................................................34 WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS..........................................................................................37 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TREATMENT PLANTS ............................................................38 INDUSTRIAL BIOGAS PLANTS ......................................................................................................38 LANDFILL GAS RECOVERY PLANTS.............................................................................................39 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.6.3 BIOGAS PROPERTIES .................................................................................................................41 DIRECT COMBUSTION AND HEAT UTILISATION ...........................................................................42 COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (CHP) GENERATION ..................................................................42 Gas-Otto engines ...................................................................................................................43 Pilot-injection gas motor ........................................................................................................44 Stirling motors ......................................................................................................................44 BIOGAS MICRO-TURBINES ..........................................................................................................45 FUEL CELLS ................................................................................................................................45 BIOGAS UPGRADING (BIOMETHANE PRODUCTION) ...................................................................47 Biogas as vehicle fuel .............................................................................................................48 Biomethane for grid injection .................................................................................................49 Carbon dioxide and methane production as chemical products..................................................50 6.1 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.2.5 6.2.6 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.6.1 6.6.2 6.7 6.7.1 6.7.2 6.7.3 AD - A TECHNOLOGY FOR ANIMAL MANURE AND SLURRY MANAGEMENT IN INTENSIVE AREAS 50 FROM RAW SLURRY TO DIGESTATE AS FERTILISER ...................................................................51 Biodegradation of organic matter............................................................................................51 Reduction of odours...............................................................................................................51 Sanitation ............................................................................................................................52 Destruction of weed seeds .......................................................................................................52 Avoidance of plant burns .......................................................................................................52 Fertiliser improvement...........................................................................................................52 APPLICATION OF DIGESTATE AS FERTILISER .............................................................................53 EFFECTS OF DIGESTATE APPLICATION ON SOIL.........................................................................54 PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES..........................................................................................................55 DIGESTATE CONDITIONING.........................................................................................................55 Strategies of digestate conditioning .........................................................................................55 Necessary considerations........................................................................................................58 DIGESTATE QUALITY MANAGEMENT ...........................................................................................58 Digestate sampling, analyzing and product declaration............................................................58 Nutrient management in digestate..........................................................................................59 General measures for quality control and safe recycling of digestate ...........................................59 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.6.1 7.6.2 7.6.3 FEEDSTOCK RECEIVING UNIT .....................................................................................................63 FEEDSTOCK STORAGE AND CONDITIONING ...............................................................................63 Feedstock storage...................................................................................................................63 Feedstock conditioning...........................................................................................................65 FEEDING SYSTEM .......................................................................................................................67 Pumps for transport of pumpable feedstock ..............................................................................68 Transport of stackable feedstock..............................................................................................70 ARMATURES AND PIPELINES ......................................................................................................72 HEATING SYSTEM - DIGESTER HEATING.....................................................................................73 DIGESTERS.................................................................................................................................74 Batch-type digesters ...............................................................................................................75 Continuous-type digesters.......................................................................................................76 Maintenance of digesters ........................................................................................................79 4PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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