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7.7 7.7.1 7.7.2 7.7.3 7.8 7.8.1 7.8.2 7.8.3 7.9 7.9.1 7.9.2 7.9.3 7.10 7.11 7.11.1 7.11.2 7.11.3 7.11.4 7.11.5 7.11.6 7.11.7 7.11.8 biogas HANDBOOK STIRRING TECHNOLOGIES..........................................................................................................80 Mechanical stirring ...............................................................................................................80 Pneumatic stirring.................................................................................................................82 Hydraulic stirring .................................................................................................................82 BIOGAS STORAGE ......................................................................................................................82 Low pressure tanks ................................................................................................................83 Medium and high pressure biogas storage ...............................................................................84 Biogas flares..........................................................................................................................84 BIOGAS CLEANING......................................................................................................................86 Gas conditioning...................................................................................................................86 Desulphurization ..................................................................................................................87 Drying .................................................................................................................................90 DIGESTATE STORAGE.................................................................................................................90 THE CONTROL UNIT ....................................................................................................................92 Quantity of pumpable feedstock input .....................................................................................94 Digester filling level ...............................................................................................................94 Filling level of the gas reservoirs ..............................................................................................94 Process temperature ...............................................................................................................94 pH-value ..............................................................................................................................94 Determination of volatile fatty acids (VFA) .............................................................................95 Biogas quantity .....................................................................................................................95 Biogas composition................................................................................................................95 HOW TO GET ST ARTED ......................................................................................................... 96 8 9 10 PLANNING AND BUILDING A BIOGAS PLANT .......................................................................96 8.1 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.3 8.4 8.5 SETTING UP A BIOGAS PLANT PROJECT .....................................................................................96 HOW TO SECURE CONTINUOUS FEEDSTOCK SUPPLY ................................................................98 Characterising the plant size for farm based feedstock ...............................................................98 Characterising the plant size for industrial/ municipal wastes ..................................................99 Feedstock supply schemes.....................................................................................................100 WHERE TO LOCATE THE BIOGAS PLANT...................................................................................101 GETTING THE PERMITS.............................................................................................................102 START UP OF A BIOGAS PLANT .................................................................................................102 SAFETY OF BIOGAS PLANTS ...................................................................................................103 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.4.1 9.4.2 9.4.3 9.4.4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION PREVENTION .........................................................................................103 POISONING AND ASPHYXIATION RISKS.....................................................................................104 OTHER RISKS ........................................................................................................................... 105 SANITATION, PATHOGEN CONTROL AND VETERINARY ASPECTS .............................................105 Hygienic aspects of biogas plants ..........................................................................................105 Parameters for hygienic performance of biogas plants .............................................................106 Indicator organisms.............................................................................................................108 Requirements for sanitation .................................................................................................109 ECONOMY OF BIOGAS PLANTS ..............................................................................................111 10.1 10.2 10.2.1 FINANCING THE BIOGAS PROJECT............................................................................................111 ECONOMIC FORECAST OF A BIOGAS PLANT PROJECT .............................................................112 Conclusions of economic forecast of the biogas plant project.....................................................112 ANNEXES .................................................................................................................................. 114 ANNEX 1. GLOSSARY, CONVERSION UNITS AND ABBREVIATIONS .....................................114 GLOSSARY..................................................................................................................................................114 CONVERSION UNITS .....................................................................................................................................119 ABBREVIATIONS ..........................................................................................................................................120 5PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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