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Anaerobic Digestion of farm and food processing residues GoodPractice Guidelines Page43 Appendix 1 Glossary The following terms are used in these guidelines, and the definitions given below refer to their meaning in the context of this document: other sources may use the terms differently. AD: Anaerobic digestion; the process by which bacteria that act only in airless (anaerobic) conditions decompose organic matter with the concurrent production of biogas Bacteria: Microscopic single celled organisms which break down the organic matter of the feedstock Bio-filters: Remove unwanted substances using biological processes Biofuel: Liquid fuels produced from biomass sources; biomass is any mass of biological material Biogas: Gas evolved from the anaerobic digestion process which is typically 60% methane, 40% carbon dioxide, with other trace compounds Bleaching clay: Porous clay filter media used for clarifying edible oils BOD: Biological Oxygen Demand Bunding: A barrier constructed around the site to prevent discharge entering water courses in the event of an accident CAD: Centralised Anaerobic Digester; digester which imports feedstocks from a variety of sources CHP: Combined Heat and Power: In normal mode of a generator, the major sources of heat, engine cooling water and exhaust system, are normally discharged to atmosphere; CHP recovers this heat via heat exchangers, increasing the efficiency of utilising fuel COSHH: Control of Substances Hazardous to Health, Regulations 1994 Decommissioning: Closing and removing the facility after its useful life Digestate: The digested output from the AD process Digester: The closed container in which anaerobic digestion takes place Dioxins: A group of harmful chlorinated organic compounds DOE: Department of the Environment; Government department; now called Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions Dry solids: The residue remaining when water is evaporated away from the residue and dried under heat EA: Environmental Assessment; see box in Project Development section for details Energy balance: Comparison of energy going into a process (inputs), to energy coming out of the process (outputs) ETSU: Energy Technology Support Unit; manager of the Department of Trade and Industry’s New and Renewable Energy Programme EU: European Union Feedstock: The material fed to the digester Fertigation: Irrigation with water containing nutrients Fibre: The coarse solids which have been mechanically separated from the liquid portion of the digestate Fossil fuel: Any energy source derived from finite fossil sources eg coal and oil Fossil Fuel Levy: Levy on electricity generated from fossil fuel sources used to fund NFFO Heavy metals: Potentially toxic metals such as nickel, cadmium, etc present through natural or other causes HMIP: Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Pollution; duties now undertaken by the Environment Agency HSE: Health and Safety Executive Leachate: Water which flows through the soil or ground and ends up in the water course and can cause pollution Liquor: The liquid fertiliser which has been mechanically separated from the coarse fibre portion of the digestate Mesophilic digestion: Digestion involving micro- organisms with a growth optimum around 20-45oC MAFF: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food; Government department NFFO: Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation, obligation requiring Regional Electricity Companies to purchase a certain amount of electricity from non- fossil fuel sources NFPA: Responsible for purchase of electricity under NFFOPDF Image | Anaerobic Digestion Of farm and food Processing residues The development of a sustainable industry
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