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a) Sampling Error occurs when not all elements of the population are surveyed. This affects the accuracy of the sample estimates. As sample size increases, sampling error decreases (Fowler, 1993). This type of error was reduced by including all 372 plants or divisions that were found to have kiln drying facilities in the sample, instead of surveying only a part of that population. b) Coverage Error appears when not all members of the population have an equal chance of being selected. Therefore, the survey results will not be representative of the population in this case. This type of error can occur when survey subjects are selected from lists that are not updated or incomplete (Weisberg et a l , 1996). Coverage error was minimized by locating the addresses of companies from Madison's Canadian Lumber Directory, which is a comprehensive source for this kind of information. Therefore, one could be fairly confident that all plants or divisions with kiln drying facilities were included. The additional use of on- line directories helped further reduce this type of error since it provided updated information. c) Measurement Error results from poorly constructed questionnaires and produces answers that are inaccurate or impossible to interpret. Measurement error was kept to a minimum by carefully wording questions and constructing the questionnaire. In addition, the survey was reviewed by experts in both market research and kiln drying. d) Non-response Error is present when subjects who did not participate in the survey are different from subjects who participated in a way that affects the results. The principles of the Tailored Design Method (like careful wording of questions) were taken into consideration to ensure that this type of error would be absent. Using commonly acceptable practices to test for this error (as shown in section 4.1.2.), non-response error was found not to be present. 3.2.2. Questionnaire It is generally accepted that no questionnaire can be considered ideal (Rea & Parker, 1997). However, every effort was made to produce the best possible questionnaire. A mail questionnaire was prepared to 34PDF Image | KILN DRYING PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN CANADA
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