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2.4.5.2. Oil Heated In oil heated kilns, hot oil is transferred instead of steam through pipes into the kiln. The main problem with this type is the lack of steam for conditioning of wood at the end of the drying cycle. The cost for the initial investment is higher than for steam heated kilns and pumps to circulate the oil are required. This results in high electricity costs, but there is less corrosion and steam engineers are not necessary (Avramidis, 2003). 2.4.5.3. WaterHeated Water heated kilns transfer hot water rather than steam inside pipes to warm the wood. They are not very expensive and do not require steam engineers, but they cannot achieve a temperature as high as that of oil heated kilns. They are usually found in smaller operations (Boone & Simpson, 1997a). 2.4.5.4. Direct Fired Direct fired kilns burn fuel to produce heated air which is conducted directly into the kiln without any heat exchangers. This kiln type does not allow a great degree of control over the temperature and relative humidity inside the kiln and it is mostly used for drying commodity softwood products (Boone & Simpson, 1997a). In direct fired kilns, heating costs are usually lower compared to steam heated kilns, but the lumber may appear darker, the kiln needs to be cleaned more often, and there is an increased fire risk (Beckwith, 1994). 2.4.5.5. Dehumdification In dehumidification kilns, a boiler to produce steam is not necessary. The moisture from wood is condensed from the air and removed in liquid form. Subsequently, the air is reheated (electrically) instead of being released to atmosphere. This practice saves a good amount o f the energy used to evaporate water. This energy is recovered in the dehumidification unit via condensation of humid air. However, these kilns consume a lot of electrical energy which can be expensive in some areas, cannot perform a 12PDF Image | KILN DRYING PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN CANADA
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