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5.3.3.7 Woven Glass Yarn Fabrics vs Woven Rovings Yarn-based fabrics generally give higher strengths per unit weight than roving, and being generally finer, produce fabrics at the lighter end of the available weight range. Woven rovings are less expensive to produce and can wet out more effectively. How- ever, since they are available only in heavier texes, they can only produce fabrics at the medium to heavy end of the available weight range, and are thus more suitable for thick, heavier laminates. 5.3.3.8 Stitched 0/90o Fabrics 0/90° fabrics can also be made by a stitching process, which effectively combines two layers of unidirectional material into one fabric. Stitched 0/90° fabrics can offer mechani- cal performance increases of up to 20% in some properties over woven fabrics, due to the following factors: (i) Parallel non-crimp fibres bear the strain immediately upon being loaded. (ii) Stress points found at the intersection of warp and weft fibres in woven fabrics are eliminated. (iii) A higher density of fibre can be packed into a laminate compared with a woven. In this respect the fabric behaves more like layers of unidirectional. Other benefits compared with woven fabrics include: 1. Heavy fabrics can be easily produced with more than 1kg/sqm of fibre. 2. Increase packing of the fibre can reduce the quantity of resin required. 5.3.3.9 Hybrid Fabrics The term hybrid refers to a fabric that has more than one type of structural fibre in its construction. In a multi-layer laminate if the properties of more than one type of fibre are required, then it would be possible to provide this with two fabrics, each containing the fibre type needed. However, if low weight or extremely thin laminates are required, a hybrid fabric will allow the two fibres to be presented in just one layer of fabric instead of two. 36 - GTC-6-0417PDF Image | GUIDE TO COMPOSITES
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