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AC 43.13-1B 9/8/98 FIGURE 7-1. Typical aircraft bolt markings. identification. In the case of plate nuts, if proper bolt grip length is not available, add shims under the plate. All bolt installations which involve self-locking or plain nuts should have at least one thread of the bolt protruding through the nut. 7-38. LOCKING OR SAFETYING OF BOLTS. Lock or safety all bolts and/or nuts, except self-locking nuts. Do not reuse cotter pins or safety wire. 7-39. BOLT FIT. Bolt holes, particularly those of primary connecting elements, have close tolerances. Generally, it is permissible to use the first-lettered drill size larger than the nominal bolt diameter, except when the AN hexagon bolts are used in light-drive fit (reamed) applications and where NAS close- tolerance bolts or AN clevis bolts are used. A light-drive fit can be defined as an interference of 0.0006 inch for a 5/8 inch bolt. Bolt holes should be flush to the surface, and free of de- bris to provide full bearing surface for the bolt head and nut. In the event of over-sized or elongated holes in structural members, ream- ing or drilling the hole to accept the next larger bolt size may be permissible. Care should be taken to ensure items, such as edge distance, clearance, and structural integrity are main- tained. Consult the manufacturer’s structural repair manual, the manufacturer’s engineering department, or the FAA before drilling or reaming any bolt hole in a critical structural member. 7-40. TORQUES. The importance of cor- rect torque application cannot be overempha- sized. Undertorque can result in unnecessary wear of nuts and bolts, as well as the parts they secure. Overtorque can cause failure of a bolt or nut from overstressing the threaded areas. Uneven or additional loads that are applied to the assembly may result in wear or premature failure. The following are a few simple, but important procedures, that should be followed to ensure that correct torque is applied. NOTE: Be sure that the torque ap- plied is for the size of the bolt shank not the wrench size. a. Calibrate the torque wrench at least once a year, or immediately after it has been abused or dropped, to ensure continued accu- racy. b. Be sure the bolt and nut threads are clean and dry, unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. c. Run the nut down to near contact with the washer or bearing surface and check the friction drag torque required to turn the nut. Whenever possible, apply the torque to the nut and not the bolt. This will reduce rota- tion of the bolt in the hole and reduce wear. Page 7-6 Par 7-37PDF Image | AFS-640
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