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9/27/01 AC 43.13-1B CHG 1 used for patching plywood may be used. The rivet pattern used, however, must follow stan dard practice to maintain satisfactory strength in the sheet. g. Splicing of Sheets. The method of copying the seams at the edges of a sheet may not always be satisfactory. For example, when the sheet has cutouts, or doubler plates at an edge seam, or when other members transmit loads into the sheet, the splice must be de signed as illustrated in the following examples. (1) Material: Clad 2024 sheet, 0.032 inch thickness. Width of sheet (i.e., length at splice) = “W” = 10 inches. (2) Determine rivet size and pattern for a single-lap joint similar to figure 4-5. (a) Use rivet diameter of approxi mately three times the sheet thickness, 3 x 0.032 = 0.096-inch. Use 1/8-inch 2117-T4 (AD) rivets (5/32-inch 2117-T4 (AD) would be satisfactory). (b) Use the number of rivets re quired per inch of width “W” from table 4-10. (Number per inch 4.9 x .75 = 3.7 or the total number of rivets required = 10 x 3.7 or 37 riv ets.) See notes in table. (c) Lay out rivet pattern with spacing not less than shown in figure 4-5. Referring to figure 4-5(A), it seems that a double row pat tern with the minimum spacing will give a to tal of 40 rivets. However, as only 37 rivets are required, two rows of 19 rivets each equally spaced over the10 inches will result in a satis factory splice. h. Straightening of Stringers or Inter mediate Frames. Members which are slightly bent may be straightened cold and examined with a magnifying glass for cracks or tears to the material. Reinforce the straightened part to its original shape, depending upon the condi tion of the material and the magnitude of any remaining kinks or buckles. If any strain cracks are apparent, make complete reinforce ment in sound metal beyond the damaged por tion. i. Local Heating. Do not apply local heating to facilitate bending, swaging, flatten ing, or expanding operations of heat-treated aluminum alloy members, as it is difficult to control the temperatures closely enough to prevent possible damage to the metal, and it may impair its corrosion resistance. j. Splicing of Stringers and Flanges. It is recommended that all splices be made in ac cordance with the manufacturer’s recommen dations. If the manufacturer’s recommenda tions are not available, the typical splices for various shapes of sections are shown in figures 4-17 through 4-19. Design splices to carry both tension and compression, and use the splice shown in figure 4-18 as an example il lustrating the following principles. (1) To avoid eccentric loading and con sequent buckling in compression, place splic ing or reinforcing parts as symmetrically as possible about the centerline of the member, and attach to as many elements as necessary to prevent bending in any direction. (2) To avoid reducing the strength in tension of the original bulb angle, the rivet holes at the ends of the splice are made small (no larger than the original skin attaching riv ets), and the second row of holes (those through the bulbed leg) are staggered back from the ends. In general, arrange the rivets in the splice so that the design tensile load for the member and splice plate can be carried into the splice without failing the member at the out ermost rivet holes. Par 4-58 Page 4-27PDF Image | AFS-640
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