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AC 43.13-1B CHG 1 9/27/01 (1) Refer to the aircraft maintenance or repair manual for specific instructions on ac- ceptable adhesive selection for use on that type aircraft. (2) Adhesives meeting the requirements of a Military Specification (Mil Spec), Aero- space Material Specification (AMS), or Tech- nical Standard Order (TSO) for wooden air- craft structures are satisfactory providing they are found to be compatible with existing structural materials in the aircraft and the fab- rication methods to be used in the repair. b. Common types of adhesives that are or have been used in aircraft structure fall into two general groups: casein and synthetic- resins. Adhesive technology continues to evolve, and new types (meeting the require- ments of paragraph 1-4a) may become avail- able in the future. (1) Casein adhesive performance is generally considered inferior to other products available today, modern adhesives should be considered first. CAUTION: Casein adhesive deterio- rates over the years after exposure to moisture in the air and temperature variations. Some modern adhesives are incompatible with casein adhesive. If a joint that has previously been bonded with casein is to be rebonded with another type adhesive, all traces of the casein must be scraped off be- fore the new adhesive is applied. If any casein adhesive is left, residual al- kalinity may cause the new adhesive to fail to cure properly. (2) Synthetic-resin adhesives comprise a broad family which includes plastic resin glue, resorcinol, hot-pressed Phenol, and ep- oxy. (3) Plastic resin glue (urea-formalde- hyde resin glue) has been used in wood aircraft for many years. Caution should be used due to possible rapid deterioration (more rapidly than wood) of plastic resin glue in hot, moist envi- ronments and under cyclic swell-shrink stress. For these reasons, urea-formaldehyde should be considered obsolete for all repairs. Any proposed use of this type adhesive should be discussed with the appropriate FAA office prior to using on certificated aircraft. (4) Federal Specification MMM-A- 181D and Military Specification MIL-A-22397 both describe a required series of tests that verify the chemical and mechanical properties of resorcinol. Resorcinol is the only known adhesive recommended and approved for use in wooden aircraft structure and fully meets necessary strength and durability requirements. Resorcinol adhesive (resorcinol-formaldehyde resin) is a two-part synthetic resin adhesive consisting of resin and a hardener. The appro- priate amount of hardener (per manufacturer’s instruction) is added to the resin, and it is stirred until it is uniformly mixed; the adhesive is now ready for immediate use. Quality of fit and proper clamping pressure are both critical to the achievement of full joint strength. The adhesive bond lines must be very thin and uni- form in order to achieve full joint strength. CAUTION: Read and observe mate- rial safety data. Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions regarding mixing, open assembly and close as- sembly times, and usable temperature ranges. (5) Phenol-formaldehyde adhesive is commonly used in the manufacturing of air- craft grade plywood. This product is cured at elevated temperature and pressure; therefore, it is not practical for use in structural repair. Page 1-4 Par 1-4PDF Image | AFS-640
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