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C In the event of an emergency, current must recommence within 10 seconds and can be from storage battery, generator set, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system, a separate service, or individual equipment for emergency illumination. C A generator set driven by a prime mover must have automatic or “black” start capability with a minimum of 2 hours full-load fuel supply on-site, unless there is a low probability of simultaneous failure of both the fuel delivery system and the electric utility. C A starting battery must have an automatic charger independent of the generator set. A 15-minute time delay is required before shutdown of the set. 5.1.2 Article 701, Legally Required Standby Systems Article 701 refers to applications less critical to life, such as heating and refrigeration systems, communications systems, and industrial processes. The NEC itself does not require standby systems, but outlines the requirements should some other authority specify one. This generally includes illumination and/or power. The requirements are somewhat less stringent than those for Article 700. A major difference between Article 700 and 701 is that 701 does not require standby circuits to be in separate raceways. It does not require any indication for ground faults, and it allows 60 seconds to start the standby power system, rather than the 10 seconds required by 700-2. 5.1.3 Article 702, Optional Standby Systems Article 702 briefly addresses standby systems intended to protect private property, where life safety does not depend upon the performance of the system. Typical installations include industrial and commercial buildings, farms and residences. The note specifically mentions heating and refrigeration, data processing and communication systems, and industrial processes. Only permanently installed equipment applies; it does not apply to portable generator sets. The equipment is required to simply have sufficient capacity to supply the loads intended for simultaneous operation. It does require a transfer switch. Signals are required, where practicable, for showing derangement of the source and the successful assumption of the load. Article 702 does not require any testing or keeping of records at installation or periodically afterward. 5.1.4 Article 705, Interconnected Electric Power Production Sources Article 705 covers installation of one or more electric power production sources in parallel with a primary source of electricity such as a utility or on-site electric power source. The code addresses some issues related to grid-connection but these requirements were not developed around microturbine technology and cogeneration applications. Efforts to establish uniform and consistent requirements for protective features specific to microturbine and other DG technologies that electric utilities would accept should focus on this code. 5.4PDF Image | PNNL 13277
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