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INTRODUCTION Background The potential for biogas plants seems to increase steadily all over Europe, especially with existing and forthcoming EU directives, that have a relevance both in the industrial as well as in the agricultural sector. The EU Landfill directive2 regulates the disposal of organic wastes in landfills, so that AD can be an alternative which has to compete with the long established conventional composting process. The AD process has in contrast to composting a positive energy balance. Additionally a valuable fertiliser is produced. This process is of industrial relevance, as it can be integrated within existing processes involving organic wastes and energy demand. A further relevant Directive, is the EU Nitrates Directive3 on the protection of waters against the pollution, caused by nitrates from agricultural sources as in manure. AD from agricultural wastes contributes to a sustainable NO3- cycle if the digestate is brought out with the right technique4. The EU goes one step further with the forthcoming Groundwater Directive5: Sustainable agricultural practices, targeting the groundwater protection, are seen as the most effective approach. It further encourages to investigate the reduction of the impact of nitrates on the groundwater Quality. Here again AD can play an important role as mentioned above. These two directives address mainly the agricultural Biogas plants, which are generally smaller scaled as industrial AD facilities. Therefore AD is now attracting not only the interest of farmers, but also of large industries in the waste and agro-food sectors, which - pressured by the mentioned Landfill Directive – see in the “next AD generation” a realistic and economic solution of local waste treatment and disposal. Especially Eastern European countries can be regarded as a promising future market for AD due to their agro-food industries structures, and their need for an improvement of their environmental situation. However the expansion of AD is not fulfilling the previsions, due to different reasons as e.g. material corrosion, process failure in digester, total breakdowns, etc... The high costs for AD facilities and - in some cases – the insecure electricity tariffs for “green” electricity have in many cases hindered a financial breakthrough. Other factors have also influenced the failed Implementation of AD: Society was sceptical towards this technology, e.g. they thought it was dangerous due to possiblePDF Image | Quality Function Deployment as a Decision Support Tool for the Sustainable Implementation of AD facilities
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