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METHANE RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL MANURES: THE CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES CASEBOOK concentrations, odor concerns can be more serious than a disrupted weekend cookout. 38 According to some, nearby residents of large-scale swine operations who experience these odors have less vigor and more tension, anger, depression, fatigue, and confusion. Manure odors are caused principally by intermediate metabolites of anaerobic decomposition. “If odorous compounds are confined within the fermentation medium, many of the intermediary odorous compounds will be metabolized to less odorous compounds or to lower 39 concentrations.” A common example is the properly designed anaerobic lagoon that, although not free of odors, is seldom the cause of an odor problem. Overloaded or shock-loaded lagoons become the source of many complaints when they become nothing more than biologically active manure storage pits. AD by its very nature converts odor-causing materials in organic matter to methane and carbon dioxide, which are odorless. Generally, that which smells offensive is the prime food source for methane-producing bacteria. Odor reduction using anaerobic digesters can be a very cost- effective alternative compared to aeration, chemicals, or enzyme treatments. “In fact, the 40 biogas produced may be a by-product of a system designed for odor control.” As will be noted later in this report, odor control is probably the main reason livestock farmers have installed anaerobic digesters in the United States. Experimental results show that flushed dairy manure odor after digestion is significantly less than that from undigested manure. As shown in Table 2.2, digestion reduced odor by 97%. Short-term storage of flushed dairy manure, on the other hand, exacerbated odor by 77%. Sample Undigested Influent Digested Effluent 3-day Storage * Threshold Odor Number 38 TON* Odor Impact 247 -- 7 97% Reduction 437 77% Increase TABLE 2.2: Effect of Fixed-Film Digestion at 3-day HRT 41 on Flushed Dairy Manure Odor Webb, D. (1998). “Alliance for a Responsible Swine Industry.” Manure Management in Harmony with the Environment and Society; February 10-12, 1998; Ames, Iowa. Ames, IA: The Soil and Water Conservation Society, West North Central Region; pp. 313-314. 39 Wilkie, A.C., et al. (1995). “Anaerobic Digestion for Odor Control.” Nuisance Concerns in Animal Manure Management: Odors and Flies. H.H. Van Horn, ed. Gainesville, FL: Florida Cooperative Extension, University of Florida. pp. 56-62. 40 University of Nebraska. Schulte, D. (1997). Swine Manure Digestion Systems. Lincoln, NE: Department of Biological Engineering, 41 Wilkie, A.C. (1998). “Anaerobic Digestion of Livestock Wastes: A Suitable Approach to Odor Abatement.” The North Carolina 1998 Pork Conference and Beef Symposium; Raleigh, North Carolina. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Pork Council; pp. 5-16. 2-22PDF Image | Methane Recovery from Animal Manures The Current Opportunities Casebook
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