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METHANE RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL MANURES: THE CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES CASEBOOK processes. Adopting improved manure management practices will be significantly encouraged when the new practice results in reduced operating costs or, ideally, new profit centers. All manures produce recoverable solid fiber. The exact percentage of recoverable fiber depends on the feedstock. For example, dairy cow manure produces more fiber than pig manure. Fiber is usually recovered by mechanical solids separation equipment such as screw presses or vibrating screens. When digested and composted, this fiber has physical attributes similar to those of a moist peat moss. This product may be used as a soil improver or used as a constituent in potting soils. Recovering valuable fiber from dairy manure using a screw-press separator After the fiber is removed, the main digestion product is a liquid organic substance commonly called “filtrate.” Filtrate from manures commonly has combined nitrogen, phosphorus, and 32 potassium percentages ranging from 3%-4.5% on a dry matter basis and can be spread Spreading separated fiber (photo credit: Recycling Organicher Materialien) directly onto farmland for its nutrient value. Filtrate can also be further processed to provide a liquid material commonly called “centrate” and solid product called “cake.” In organic residues, much of the nitrogen is bound up in proteins and is not readily available to plants without undergoing biological conversion. During the digestion process, much of the organic bound nitrogen is reduced to dissolved ammonia by de-amination. Quite simply, during the digestion process, i.e., the degradation of organic materials, bacterial action results in the release of ammonia. The filtrate’s ammonia content can be higher, up to a factor of two more than in stored manure. However, little of the plant uptake of nitrogen is in the ammonia form; ammonia undergoes another step to produce nitrite, which in turn is converted to nitrate, the form most 32 Supra, Note 31 2-19PDF Image | Methane Recovery from Animal Manures The Current Opportunities Casebook
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