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METHANE RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL MANURES: THE CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES CASEBOOK The plug-flow digester, easily recognizable by its roughly 1:5 dimensions, is used only on dairy farms The basic plug-flow digester design is a long linear trough, often built below ground level, with an air-tight expandable cover. Manure is collected daily and added to one end of the trough. Each day a new “plug” of manure is added, slowly pushing the other manure down the trough. The size of the plug-flow system is determined by the size of the daily “plug.” As the manure progresses through the trough, it decomposes and produces methane that is trapped in the expandable cover. To protect the flexible cover and maintain optimal temperatures, some plug-flow digesters are enclosed in simple greenhouses or insulated with a fiberglass blanket. Plug-flow digesters usually operate at the mesophilic temperature range, with a HRT from 20-30 days. An often vital component of a plug-flow digester is the mixing pit, which allows the TS concentration of the manure to be adjusted to a range of 11%-13% by dilution with water. Many systems use a mixing pit with a capacity roughly equal to 1 day’s manure output to store manure before adding it to the digester. The complete-mix and plug-flow digestion technologies are not suited for use on farms that use hydraulic flushing systems to remove manure and anaerobic lagoons to treat waste. Hydraulic flushing substantially dilutes the manure, with TS concentrations often far less than 3%. An anaerobic lagoon is a popular method used to treat and store manure. A properly designed and operated anaerobic lagoon system, in which the HRT exceeds 60 days, may produce significant quantities of methane. In the early 1980s, the concept of using a floating cover to collect biogas as it escapes from the surface of an anaerobic lagoon was transferred from industry to the farm. The first successful floating cover that recovered biogas from an anaerobic lagoon operating in the psychrophilic range was sponsored by the California Energy Commission at the Royal Farm operation in Tulare, 13 California. The Royal Farm’s digester used the manure from a 1,600-sow farrow-to-finish farm. A partial cover installed on one cell of the three-cell lagoon system at Royal Farm (photo credit: California Energy Commission) 13 and Wastes VII, Lake Buena Vista, FL. Chandler, J. et al. (1983) “A Low-Cost 75-kW Covered Lagoon Biogas System.” Paper at Energy from Biomass 2-8PDF Image | Methane Recovery from Animal Manures The Current Opportunities Casebook
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