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METHANE RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL MANURES: THE CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES CASEBOOK application on the farm, solids settling, scum formation, and grit removal often presented major problems. Today’s complete-mix digesters can handle manures with TS concentrations of 3%-10%, and generally can handle substantial manure volumes. The reactor is a large, vertical, poured concrete or steel circular container. The manure is collected in a mixing pit by either a gravity-flow or pump system. If needed, the TS concentration can be diluted, and the manure can be preheated before it is introduced to the digester reactor. The manure is deliberately mixed within the digester reactor. The mixing process creates a homogeneous substrate that prevents the formation of a surface crust and keeps solids in suspension. Mixing and heating improve digester efficiency. Complete-mix digesters operate at either the mesophilic or thermophilic temperatures range. with a HRT as brief as 10-20 days. A modern dairy farm complete-mix digester that also recovers valuable fiber A fixed cover is placed over the complete-mix digester to maintain anaerobic conditions and to trap the methane-rich biogas that is produced. The methane is removed from the digester, processed, and transported to the site of end-use application. The most common application for methane produced by the digestion process is electricity generation using a modified internal combustion engine. Both the digester and the mixing pit are heated with waste heat from the engine cooling system. Complete-mix 3 digester volumes range considerably from about 3,500-70,000 cubic feet (ft ). This represents daily capacities of about 25,000-500,000 gal of manure/digester. Larger volumes are usually handled by multiple digesters. 12 By the late-1970s researchers at Cornell University were able to reduce the capital costs and the operational complexities associated with the early complete-mix digesters by using a simple extension of Asian AD technology. These “plug-flow” digesters were adopted with some success in the cooler climate of the Northeast, where dairy farms primarily use scraping systems for manure removal. The 1979 project at the Mason Dixon Dairy Farms in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, was the first plug-flow digester operated on a commercial farm. At the Mason Dixon project, the plug-flow digester was originally sized for a manure volume produced by a milking herd of 600 Holstein cows. 12 Biomass Energy Systems. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute. Jewell , W. et al. (1979) “Low Cost Methane Generation on Small Farms.” Third Annual Symposium on 2-7PDF Image | Methane Recovery from Animal Manures The Current Opportunities Casebook
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