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METHANE RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL MANURES: THE CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES CASEBOOK In the world of AD technology, farm-based facilities are perhaps the most common. Six to eight million family-sized, low-technology digesters are used to provide biogas for cooking and lighting fuels with varying degrees of success. In China and India, there is a trend toward using larger, more sophisticated systems with better process control that generate electricity. In Europe, AD facilities generally have had a good record in treating the spectrum of suitable farm, industrial, and municipal wastes. The process was used quite extensively when energy supplies were reduced during and after World War II. Some AD facilities in Europe have been in operation for more than 20 years. More than 600 farm-based digesters operate in Europe, where the key factor found in the successful facilities is their design simplicity. Around 250 of these systems have been installed in Germany alone in the past 5 years. “There is enough for only one pancake and we have five people to feed!” dates from World War II when energy supplies for private use were drastically reduced Other factors influencing success have been local environmental regulations and other policies governing land use and waste disposal. Because of these environmental pressures, many nations have implemented or are considering methods to reduce the environmental impacts of waste disposal. The country with the greatest experience using large-scale digestion facilities has been Denmark, where 18 large centralized plants are now in operation. In many cases these facilities A centralized Danish digester processing manure, organic industrial residue, and biowaste codigest manure, clean organic industrial wastes, and source- separated municipal solid waste (MSW). Denmark’s commitment to AD increased with an energy 6 initiative thatwilldoublebiogas production by the year 2000, and triple it by the year 2005. One of the key policy tools used to encourage technology deployment is “green pricing,” i.e., allowing manufacturers of biogas-generated electricity to sell their product at a premium. Interestingly, the sales of cogenerated hot water to specially-built district heating systems is becoming an important source of revenue for project developers. 6 Energy 1996. Copenhagen, Denmark. Danish Ministry of Energy and Environment (1996). Energy 21; The Danish Government’ s Action Plan for 2-3PDF Image | Methane Recovery from Animal Manures The Current Opportunities Casebook
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