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methane does not achieve pipeline-grade natural gas levels, it facilitated use in the boilers without having to have the boilers retrofitted. Injection of upgraded landfill gas into the gas grid of Hardenberg- The Netherlands. On the landfill site “Collendoorn” in Hardenberg, located in the east of the Netherlands, landfill gas is being upgraded to natural gas quality and introduced into the gas grid. In 2006 around 33 200,000 Nm of upgraded gas were produced. It used to be over 700,000 Nm /year in the early years of the upgrading plant, but volume of gas from the landfill has decrease. Gas upgrading is performed by membrane technology. In the first which was started in 1993, membranes operated with a gas pressure of 35 bar. Since 2003 new membrane separation technology has been used enabling the gas pressure to be lowered to 9 bar. This has reduced costs and improved the economic feasibility of the plant. The upgraded gas has a methane content of 88%, a CO2 content of almost 5% and N2 content of 7% [42]. 2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Different Technologies The goal of a landfill gas (LFG) energy project is to convert LFG into a useful energy form, such as electricity, steam, heat, or pipeline-quality gas. Table 13 shows a summary of the different LFG energy technologies discussed in chapter 2. The table presents key advantages and disadvantages associated to each technology. It also shows the amount of LFG flow usually associated with each technology [7]. Table 13. Summary of LFG Energy Technologies. T echnology Advantages Disadvantages LFG Flow Range for Typical Projects (Methane content 50%) Boiler, dryer and process heater Can utilize maximum amount of recovered gas flow. Limited condensate removal and filtration treatment is required. Gas can be blended with other fuels. Need to retrofit equipment or improve quality of gas. Cost is tied to length of pipeline; energy user must be nearby (pipelines up to 30 km). Need large landfill size. End use facility may require boiler retrofits which can be Utilizes all available recovered gas. 74PDF Image | Landfill Gas Energy Technologies
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