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The most popular are evaporation vessels. Several companies manufacture leachate evaporators. Depending on the manufacturer and the type of system selected, the volume of leachate evaporated by a single unit varies between 33 4.54 m /day and 113.56 m /day. Evaporation of landfill leachate involves heating the leachate to produce a water vapour. Metals in the leachate concentrate and precipitate, primarily as salts, while the organics volatilize and stripped away by the water vapour. The organics are transferred from the liquid leachate phase to the exhaust vapour phase by a process analogous to air stripping. Most evaporative systems use a modified commercial enclosed LFG flare for a downstream thermal oxidation stage to destroy the trace organics. o Because the operating temperature of the evaporator is low (82 – 87 C) most of the heavy metals do not vaporise. Leachate evaporators apply energy developed by burning landfill gas to heat and vaporise leachate. The primary features distinguishing different commercial leachate evaporation systems are their methods for transferring heat to leachate and treating the exhaust vapour. Direct transfer Most commercial systems available use direct-contact evaporative technology, where heat transfers by means of direct contact between the leachate and the hot combustion gas. Depending on the manufacturer of the evaporator, the LFG combustion unit can be located: • on top of the evaporation vessel—the hot combustion gases from the burner being directed downward through a downcomer pipe and the gases being bubbled through a small pool of leachate in the bottom of the vessel; • on the side of the evaporator vessel—the hot combustion gases being exhausted through submerged horizontal burner tubes located within the vessel (a process known as "submerged combustion"). The hot gases inside the burner tubes are exhausted into the liquid through orifices located along the bottom of the burner tubes. Indirect transfer Alternatively, heat may be transferred indirectly from a landfill-gas burner through the walls of the heat exchanger to the leachate. A major concern in selecting the method used to transfer heat is to minimize harmful effects that precipitated solids may have on process efficiency. With solid heat transfer surfaces such as tubes, scale buildup will gradually reduce heat transfer efficiency. Cleaning then is required to restore performance. 36PDF Image | Landfill Gas Energy Technologies
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