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essential to review and measure the temperature profile along the pipework and, if necessary, install insulation, lagging or trace heating on the downstream end of the pipe [8]. 1.3.2 Advanced Treatment Typically, landfill gas used in a utilization plant receives only primary treatment. However, there is a range of processes that are designed to provide much greater gas cleaning than is possible using just primary systems. Such processes, which include both physical and chemical treatments, can be defined collectively as secondary treatment [8]. Hydrogen sulphide removal Hydrogen sulphide is an extremely toxic and flammable gas, harmful to the environment. Under temperature, hydrogen sulphide reacts with steam to produce sulphuric acid, which has a significant effect on the useful life of a LFG plant. Landfill gas may be desulphurised using various processes. Depending on the choice of the agent, one may distinguish biological, chemical and physical desulphurisation processes. The choice of one of the many available technologies depends on the gas composition, the extent to which it needs to be treated and the mass flow rate of the treated gas. A comparison of the economics of various methods of landfill gas desulphurisation is shown in Table 2. Table 2. A comparison of various techniques of H2S removal. Method Biological desulphurisation Treatment with iron chloride Water washing Activated carbon Iron oxide or hydroxide Sodium hydroxide Source: [19]. Throughput rate Capital expenditure Operating costs Low Medium Medium Medium Medium High Medium Medium Medium Low High High High High High Medium High Medium 21PDF Image | Landfill Gas Energy Technologies
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