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consumes large quantities of energy and has higher operating and maintenance costs. Aerobic treatment however, has lower capital costs than anaerobic digestion, and it is less effective in recovering nutrients than anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion is the most beneficial treatment option. The contact process is the most effective anaerobic treatment process. Both the fix film and plug flow processes are concentration limited. The contact process can handle a wide variety of solids concentrations. All of the manure from the milk barn to the free stall can be processed through the contact process. In addition to processing a larger percentage of manure, a greater percentage of the solids will be converted to energy. It provides greater load flexibility, allowing dairymen to process other waste materials for additional gas production. The contact process requires little operation and maintenance. It can be an automated process. Both the contact process and completely mixed processes can handle sand and floating fibers. The contact process and completely mixed digester use more energy than the plug flow process. However, a greater percentage of the solids will be converted to energy. The plug flow process is less expensive than either the contact process or the completely mixed reactor. The contact process however, uses less energy than the completely mixed reactor and has a much lower capital costs. All mesophilic anaerobic treatment processes are effective in reducing or eliminating odors. All anaerobic processes can sequester most of the nutrients. Since the contact process produces a relatively clear effluent, additional nutrients can be removed. All anaerobic processes produce energy. The contact process will provide the greatest solids retention time leading to a higher energy yield. The plug flow process has the lowest capital costs followed by the contact process. The plug flow reactor also has the lowest operation and maintenance costs. The contact process will have the highest operation and maintenance costs because of the reagents that are used in the biomass separation process. Overall, the contact process offers a greatest benefit. Post-Treatment The final product from the treatment process consisting of undigested solids, biomass, and inorganic precipitates must be separated such that the solids containing a majority of the nutrients can be stored, stacked, and exported if required. The post-treatment process fulfills the same need as conventional pretreatment process. However, after passing through an anaerobic digestion process the solids are substantially reduced and the nutrients are concentrated. A number of options exist for post-treatment. They include screens and a variety of presses. The screw press requires the least amount of operation and © Environmental Energy Company 48 www.makingenergy.com 360-923-2000PDF Image | Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion Handbook Options for Recovering Beneficial Products From Dairy Manure
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