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Figure 7.19 On-site construction of vertical digesters (RUTZ 2007) Digesters made of reinforced concrete are sufficiently gas tight due to water saturation of the concrete from the moisture contained in feedstock and biogas. Concrete tanks can be built completely or partially in the ground. Improper construction can lead to cracking, leakage, corrosion and in extreme cases to the demolition of the digester. These problems can be avoided by using appropriate concrete quality and professional planning and construction of the digester. Figure 7.20 Vertical digesters, covered by gas proof membrane. The membrane top is inflated by the produced biogas –left (AGRINZ 2008); The membrane top is fastened to a central mast –right (RUTZ 2006) Steel digesters are installed on a concrete foundation. Steel plates are either welt or bolted together and seams have to be tightened. Steel digesters are always installed above ground. The advantage of vertical digesters is that the existing manure tanks at the farms can be converted cost effectively into biogas digesters by adding the insulation and the heating system. For later insulation, waterproof insulating plates (styrofoam) are connected with plugs on the inner walls of the tank. Another option for insulation of former manure tanks is the complete foaming of the inside of the tank, for gas tightness, operation which must be done by specialised firms. The tanks are finally covered with a gastight roof of single or double membrane. A special AD system, used for agricultural biogas plants treating animal manure, is the so- called accumulation-continuous-flow-systems (ACF system). In this system, the entire manure tank serves at the same time as digester and as storage facility for manure. These kinds of plants were installed on farms where mandatory storage capacities had to be built. The minimum load is reached in summer, after the last application of digestate as fertiliser. biogas HANDBOOK 77PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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