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biogas HANDBOOK gas upgrading and compressing. Emission of particles and soot are also drastically reduced, even compared with very modern diesel engines, equipped with particle filters. Emissions of NOx and Non Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHC) are also drastically reduced. Upgraded biogas (biomethane) is considered to have the highest potential as vehicle fuel, even when compared to other biofuels. Figure 5.8 shows a comparison between transport biofuels, in terms of covered distance by an automobile, when running on the respective biofuel, produced on energy crops cultivated on one hectare arable land. The potential of biogas for the transport sector is even higher, if waste is used as feedstock, instead of energy crops. Figure 5.8 Biofuels in comparison: Range of a personal car, running on biofuels produced on feedstock/energy crops from one hectare arable land. Source (FNR 2008) 5.6.2 Biomethaneforgridinjection Upgraded biogas (biomethane) can be injected and distributed through the natural gas grid, after it has been compressed to the pipeline pressure. In many EU countries, the access to the gas grid is guaranteed for all biogas suppliers. There are several advantages of using the gas grid for distribution of biomethane. One important advantage is that the grid connects the production site of biomethane, which is usually in rural areas, with more densely populated areas. This enables the gas to reach new customers. It is also possible to increase the biogas production at a remote site, without concerns about utilisation of heat excess. Grid injection means that the biogas plant only needs a small CHP unit for the process energy or a biogas burner. Countries like Sweden, Switzerland, Germany and France have standards (certification systems) for injecting biogas into the natural gas grid. The standards, prescribing the limits for components like sulphur, oxygen, particles and water dew point, have the aim of avoiding Biomethane BtL (Biomass-to-Liquid) Rape seed oil Biodiesel Bioethanol Vehicle fuel consumption: gasoline engine 7.4 l/100km, diesel engine 6.1 l/100 km * Biomethane as by product (rape cake, mash, straw) 49PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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