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biogas HANDBOOK Figure 5.5 Simplified scheme of a fuel cell (EMERGING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 2005) There are various fuel cell types suitable for biogas, named according to the type of electrolyte used. They can be low (AFC, PEM), medium (PAFC) or high temperature fuel cells (MCFC, SOFC). The choice of the fuel cell type depends on the gaseous fuel used and the heat utilisation. PEM -The Polymer-Electrolyte-Membrane fuel cell can be used for biogas. Due to operating temperature of 80°C, the heat can be fed directly into a heat/warm water network. The type of electrolyte used influence the service life of PEM, which is very sensitive to impurities in the fuel gas, including carbon dioxide. For this reason, gas cleaning is very important. PAFC - Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell, frequently used with natural gas worldwide. Compared to other fuel cells, the electrical efficiency is low but the advantage is that PAFC is less sensitive to the presence of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the gas. MCFC - Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell is uses a fluid carbon flow as electrolyte. MCFC is insensitive to carbon monoxide and tolerates carbon dioxide concentrations up to 40% of volume content. Due to its operation temperature of 600 -700°C, conversion of methane into hydrogen, also called reforming, can take place inside the cell. Its dissipated heat can for example be used in a downstream turbine. SOFC - Solid Oxide Fuel Cell is another type of high-temperature fuel cell, operating at 750- 1 000°C. The SOFC fuel cell has a high electrical efficiency and the reforming of methane to hydrogen can take place within the cell. The use of biogas is suited due to its low sensitivity to sulphur. 46PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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