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biogas HANDBOOK The electrical efficiency of the Stirling engine is of 24-28%, which is lower than Gas-Otto engines. The exhaust temperatures are between 250-300°C. The capacity of Stirling motors is usually below 50 kWel. Due to the low wear of components, low maintenance costs can be expected. The Stirling engine can be used in block type thermal power plants. 5.4 Biogasmicro-turbines In biogas micro-turbines, air is pressed into a combustion chamber at high pressure and mixed with biogas. The air-biogas mixture is burned causing the temperature increase and the expanding of the gas mixture. The hot gases are released through a turbine, which is connected to the electricity generator (Figure 5.4). The electric capacity of micro-turbines is typically below 200 kWe. The cost of biogas micro-turbines is high and the research and development work in this area is therefore aiming cost reduction for future models. Figure 5.4 Micro-turbine structure (www.energysolutionscenter.org) 5.5 Fuelcells The fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a reaction directly into electrical energy. The basic physical structure (building block) of a fuel cell consists of an electrolyte layer in contact with a porous anode and cathode on both sides (Figure 5.5). In a typical fuel cell, the gaseous fuel (biogas) is fed continuously to the anode (the negative electrode) compartment and an oxidant (i.e. oxygen from air) is fed continuously to the cathode (the positive electrode) compartment. An electrochemical reaction takes place at the electrodes, producing electric current. 45PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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