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Sanitary landfills biogas HANDBOOK Biogas end-uses Crude biogas Scrubbing Generator Turbine Digesters Upgrading Normalised natural gas Biogas Boiler (burner) Heat Hot water District heat Glasshouse heating, other Figure 5.1 Overview of biogas utilisation 5.1 Biogasproperties Compression Vehicle fuel Cogeneration Electricity Injection to public grid Use in industry, house, desk, farm The energy content of biogas from AD is chemically bounded in methane. The composition and properties of biogas varies to some degree depending on feedstock types, digestion systems, temperature, retention time etc. Table 5.1 contains some average biogas composition values, found in most of the literature. Considering biogas with the standard methane content of 50%, the heating value is of 21 MJ/Nm3, the density is of 1,22 kg/Nm3 and the mass is similar to air (1.29 kg/Nm3). Table 5.1 Composition of biogas Compound Chemical symbol Content (Vol.-%) Methane CH4 50-75 Carbon dioxide CO2 25-45 Water vapour H2O 2 (20°C) -7 (40°C) Oxygen O2 <2 Nitrogen N2 <2 Ammonia NH3 <1 Hydrogen H2 <1 Hydrogen sulphide H2S <1 The biochemical composition of different feedstock types varies is determinant for their theoretical methane yield, as seen in Table 5.2. Table 5.2 Theoretical gas yields Substrate Litre Gas / kg TS CH4 [%] CO2 [%] Raw protein 700 70 to 71 29 to 30 Raw fat 1 200 to 1 250 67 to 68 32 to 33 Carbohydrates 790 to 800 50 50 41PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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