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biogas HANDBOOK called wet digestion (wet fermentation). This category includes animal slurries and manure as well as various wet organic wastes from food industries. When the DM content is as high as 35%, it is called dry digestion (dry fermentation), and it is typical for energy crops and silages. The choice of types and amounts of feedstock for the AD substrate mixture depends on their DM content as well as the content of sugars, lipids and proteins. Table 3.2 The characteristics of some digestible feedstock types (AL SEADI 2001) Type of feedstock Organic content Pig slurry Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids Cattle slurry Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids Poultry slurry Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids Stomach/intestine content Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids Whey 75-80% lactose 20-25% protein Concentrated whey 75-80% lactose 20-25% protein Flotation sludge 65-70% proteins 30-35%lipids Ferment. slops Carbohydrates Straw Carbohydrates, lipids Garden wastes Biogas yield 3 -1 m*kg VS Unwanted physical impurities Other unwanted matters 0,25-0,50 Wood shavings, bristles, water, sand, cords, straw Antibiotics, disinfectants 0,20-0,30 Bristles, soil, water, straw, wood Antibiotics, disinfectants, NH4 + 0,35-0,60 grit, sand, feathers Antibiotics, Disinfectants, + NH4 , 0,40-0,68 Animal tissues Antibiotics, disinfectants 0,35-0,80 Transportation impurities 0,80-0,95 Transportation impurities Animal tissues Heavy metals, disinfectants, organic pollutants 0,35-0,78 Non-degradable fruit remains 0,15-0,35 Sand, grit 0,20-0,50 Soil, cellulosic components Pesticides C:N DM VS ratio % %of DM 3-10 3-8 70-80 6-20 5-12 80 3-10 10-30 80 3-5 15 80 - 8-12 90 - 20-25 90 - 4-10 1-5 80-95 80- 70-90 80-90 100 100- 60-70 90 150 Grass Grass silage Fruit wastes Fish oil Alcohol Food remains 12-25 20-25 10-25 15-25 35 15-20 - 90 0,55 90 0,56 75 0,25-0,50 Grit Grit Bones, plastic Pesticides Disinfectants 30-50% lipids 40% alcohol - - Soya oil/margarine 90% vegetable oil 10 80 0,50-0,60 Organic household waste Sewage sludge Plastic, metal, stones, wood, glass Heavy metals, organic pollutants Heavy metals, organic pollutants Substrates containing high amounts of lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses can also be co- digested, but a pre-treatment is usually applied in this case, in order to enhance their digestibility. The potential methane yield is one of the important criteria of evaluation of different AD substrates (Figure 3.4). It is noticeable, that animal manure has a rather low methane yield. This is why, in praxis, animal manure is not digested alone, but mixed with other co- substrates, with high methane yield, in order to boost the biogas production. Common co- substrates, added for co-digestion with manure and slurries, are oily residues from food, fishing and feed industries, alcohol wastes, from brewery and sugar industries, or even specially cultivated energy crops. 19PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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