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2 Volume 9 Biogas comprises primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulphide (H2S). The composition of biogas is shown in Table 1. Table 1. Composition of the biogas. S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Component Methane Carbon dioxide Water Hydrogen sulphide Ammonia Nitrogen Oxygen Hydrogen Symbol Concentration CH4 55-65 % CO2 30-40 % H2O 2-7 % H2S 2-3 % NH3 0-0.05 % N 0-2 % O 0-2 % H 0-1 % Composition of biogas depends upon feed material also. Biogas is about 20 % lighter than air has an ignition temperature in range of 650 to 750 °C (Kushwaha, et al., 2010). An odorless and colorless gas that burns with blue flames similar to LPG gas. Its caloric value is 20 Mega Joules (MJ) / m3 and it usually burns with 60 % efficiency in a conventional biogas stove. This gas is useful as fuel to substitute firewood, cow-dung, petrol, LPG, diesel, & electricity, depending on the nature of the task, and local supply conditions and constraints (Rajeshwari, et al., 2000). Biogas digestor systems provides a residue organic waste, after its anaerobic digestion (AD) that has superior nutrient qualities over normal organic fertilizer, as it is in the form of ammonia and can be used as manure (Spece, 1990). Anaerobic biogas digesters also function as waste disposal systems, particularly for human wastes, and can, therefore, prevent potential sources of environmental contamination and the spread of pathogens and disease causing bacteria. Biogas technology is particularly valuable in agricultural residual treatment of animal excreta and industrial refuse (residuals). The recovered gas is 60-80 percent methane, with a heating value of approximately 600-800 Btu/ft3. Gas of this quality can be used to generate electricity; it may be used as fuel for a boiler, space heater, or refrigeration equipment; or it may be directly combusted as a cooking and lighting fuel (Demirel, et al., 2005). 2. BIOGAS PRODUCTION Organic substances exist in wide variety from living beings to dead organisms. Organic matters are composed of Carbon (C), combined with elements such as Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), and Sulphur (S) to form variety of organic compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins & lipids. In nature MOs (microorganisms), through digestion process breaks the complex carbon into smaller substances (Gally, 1996).PDF Image | Biogas as Resources of Energy
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