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Anaerobic Digestion of farm and food processing residues GoodPractice Guidelines Page30 Digester landscaped into a site (Photo: WRI Services) Measurement of the existing traffic levels will be important as this will form the context in which additional traffic movements will be judged. See the Feedstock and products section for details on traffic impacts. Emissions to air Planning authorities will also consider any potential emissions to the atmosphere from the construction and operation of the plant, and the vehicles transporting feedstock and the products. There are regulations for controlling emissions and statutory nuisances under the Environmental Protection Act 1990. Emissions to ground and water The Environment Agency require that all tanks and digesters are surrounded by containment bunding of either concrete or clay. The relevant standards will also be required for any lagoons built for storing liquor. Noise The conditions of the planning permission are likely to specify noise limits which must not be exceeded at specific identified points. Expert advice is required in each case to identify and negotiate acoustic measures (if these are required) and noise conditions. Although not always essential, the developer and/or the local authority may wish to carry out a background noise survey to establish the ambient level of noise in the environment prior to the development. Sources of potential noise need to be identified, such as engines and pumps, and plans can then be made to mitigate these through appropriate design of the site and buildings by using acoustic enclosures, creating hedge or tree barriers around the plant, and appropriate technology. Noise is regulated by the planning and environmental health departments of local authorities, and by the Health and Safety Executive in relation to noise at work regulations. Visual impact The visual impact of the digester and associated buildings can be minimised in on-farm schemes if new buildings are grouped with existing farm buildings. Bunding, planting around the site and partial burial of the digester and storage or reception tanks will help to reduce the visual impact of the new development. However, these measures will increase the costs of the plant and may only be viable in sensitive locations. There is also potential for dividing the plant up; for example, the digester could be located separately from liquor and fibre storage to reduce visual impact, although the transport implications of this would need to be considered. New electricity connections will have a visual impact both on-site and off-site (ie lines or cables to make the connection to the grid). The visual effect of overhead lines can usually be mitigated to an acceptable level by careful route selection. Developers will plan for the likely route of a grid connection at the same time as they are planning the power generating plant. Where a grid connection already exists, there will still be an impact on-site (ie simple fixing to existing grid system). Underground connection reduces the visual impact and may in certain cases be economic in comparison with overhead lines. In this case, the visual intrusion is only short term whilst the work is carried out. Control of odour levels A properly managed AD plant will reduce odour overall. However, odour from the feedstock will be released as it is stored, and especially whenever it is moved or mixed, and this odour needs to be carefully managed. In a properly designed and operated facility, the compounds which cause odour should be effectively contained and/or destroyed. Odour from AD is regulated by the local authority under the Environmental Protection Act 1990. Potential problems need to be addressed through the design of the site, and expert advice is required in each individual case to consider what is likely to be discharged, what are the potential risks and how they can be avoided or at least minimised. To meet planning requirements, it is likely that all manures and feedstocks for CAD plants will have to be contained in buildings or tanks with negative ventilation systems fitted with bio- filters to control and contain odours. Design of the plant Decisions about the equipment and technical design of the plant also need to be considered. The main requirements for good design for AD plants include: • Minimising mechanical and electrical equipment • Effective insulation properties, and corrosion resistant materials • Simple design and automatic operationPDF Image | Anaerobic Digestion Of farm and food Processing residues The development of a sustainable industry
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