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Anaerobic Digestion of farm and food processing residues GoodPractice Guidelines Page17 Which feedstocks? Quantity and quality of feedstock The main aim of managing the quantity and quality of feedstock for the digester is to maximise the quality and quantity of the outputs, and therefore the economic and environmental benefits from the feedstock. Different priorities for outputs will affect the quality criteria for the feedstock. For example: • To maximise gas yields, the key factors will be organic matter content and the percentage of dry matter (5-12.5% maximum of feedstock should be dry/solid waste). Different feedstocks produce different amounts of gas: 1 tonne of cattle manure will not produce the same as 1 tonne of chicken manure. The gas production performance of different feedstocks will vary, as shown in Table 2. • If the main objective of the project is waste management, the main criterion will be to avoid anything which may arrest or kill the process. The amount of different feedstocks which are needed at different times depends on which products are a priority. There are two key principles related to the quantity of feedstock required for digesters: • Whichever product is chosen as the priority (biogas, liquor or fibre), the others will be affected. A balance will always need to be sought because it is only through producing all three products that the digester is likely to be viable: one product alone will not generate sufficient income. • Summer top-ups may be needed for when stock are outside, and mixtures might have to change. Alternatively, an on-farm digester can be allowed to become dormant. If there is a problem with the digester, caused by quality failures or a break in the continuity The focus of these guidelines is anaerobic digestion using farm residues and food processing residues. These include residues from: • Cattle and pigs (manure and slurry) • Poultry manure (with or without litter) • Vegetable processing residues (eg from potatoes, sugar beet) • Silage effluent • Dairy processing residues (eg cheese and yoghurt processing). CAD schemes may use additional feedstocks to supplement the above residues. The content of any imported feedstock will require careful assessment as it will affect the nature of emissions and outputs. Feedstocks for CAD schemes may also include: • Brewery residues • Fish oil and fish processing residues • Bleaching clay (from the paper-making and textile industries) • Milk processing residues (eg whey and bioplant sludges) • Crushed oil waste (eg rape and sunflower seed). An environmental assessment should identify the impact of the use of different feedstocks. Materials in addition to those listed above may be used as feedstock for AD but are not covered by these guidelines because they are covered by different licensing arrangements and regulations; these include sewage sludge and municipal solid waste. It is essential that toxic substances are minimised in feedstock, and certain materials should never be fed to digesters because they will arrest or kill the process. These include: • Toxic materials that inhibit digestion (eg high ammonia levels, pesticide residues, sheep dip, heavy metals, oil) • Bioagents (aflatoxins, antibiotics) • Disinfectants (eg creosol, phenol, arsenic). Long straw and non-biodegradable materials should be avoided as they can cause blockages in the system.PDF Image | Anaerobic Digestion Of farm and food Processing residues The development of a sustainable industry
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