PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 029
SRI/USEPA-GHG-VR-27 September 2003 The 7600 ION power meter used for power output determinations was used to perform these measurements as described below and detailed in the Test Plan. The factory calibrated the ION power meter to ANSI C12.20 CAO.2 standards prior to field installation. Electricity supplied in the U.S. and Canada is typically 60 Hz AC. The ION power meter continuously measured electrical frequency at the generator’s distribution panel. The DAS was used to record one-minute averages throughout the extended period. The mean, maximum, and minimum frequencies as well as the standard deviation are reported. The CHP unit generates power at nominal 480 volts (AC). The electric power industry accepts that voltage output can vary within ±10 percent of the standard voltage (480 volts) without causing significant disturbances to the operation of most end-use equipment [3]. Deviations from this range are often used to quantify voltage sags and surges. The ION power meter continuously measured true root mean square (rms) line-to-line voltage at the generator’s distribution panel for each phase pair. True rms voltage readings provide the most accurate representation of AC voltages. The DAS recorded one-minute averages for each phase pair throughout the extended period as well as the average of the three phases. The mean, maximum, and minimum voltages, as well as the standard deviation for the average of the three phases, are reported. THD is created by the operation of non-linear loads. Harmonic distortion can damage or disrupt many kinds of industrial and commercial equipment. Voltage harmonic distortion is any deviation from the pure AC voltage sine waveform. The ION power meter applies Fourier Analysis algorithms to quantify THD. Fourier showed that any wave form can be analyzed as one sum of pure sine waves with different frequencies and that each contributing sine wave is an integer multiple (or harmonic) of the lowest (or fundamental) frequency. The fundamental is 60 Hz for electrical power in the U.S. The 2nd harmonic is 120 Hz, the 3rd is 180 Hz, and so on. Certain harmonics, such as the 5th or 12th, can be strongly affected by the types of devices (that is, capacitors, motor control thyristors, inverters) connected to the distribution network. The magnitude of the distortion can vary for each harmonic. Each harmonic’s magnitude is typically represented as a percentage of the rms voltage of the fundamental. The aggregate effect of all harmonics is called THD. THD is the sum of the rms voltage of all harmonics divided by the rms voltage of the fundamental, converted to a percentage. THD gives a useful summary view of the generator’s overall voltage quality. The specified value for total voltage harmonic is a maximum THD of 5.0 percent based on “recommended practices for individual customers” in the IEEE 519 Standard [2]. The ION meter continuously measured voltage THD up to the 63rd harmonic for each phase. The DAS recorded one-minute voltage THD averages for each phase throughout the test period and reported the mean, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation for the average THD for the three phases. Current THD is any distortion of the pure current AC sine waveform and, similar to voltage THD, can be quantified by Fourier Analysis. The current THD limits recommended in the IEEE 519 standard range from 5.0 to 20.0 percent, depending on the size of the CHP generator, the test facility’s demand, and its distribution network design as compared to the capacity of the local utility grid. The standard’s recommendations for a small CHP unit connected to a large-capacity grid, for example, are more forgiving than those for a large CHP unit connected to a small-capacity grid. Detailed analysis of the facility’s distribution network and the local grid are beyond the scope of this verification. The GHG Center, therefore, reported current THD data without reference to a particular recommendation. The ION power meter, as with voltage THD, continuously measured current THD for each phase and reported the average. 1-13PDF Image | Environmental Technology Verification Report
PDF Search Title:
Environmental Technology Verification ReportOriginal File Name Searched:
Capstone-ETV-Report.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Capstone Turbine and Microturbine: Capstone microturbines used and new surplus for sale listing More Info
Consulting and Strategy Services: Need help with Capstone Turbine, sizing systems, applications, or renewable energy strategy, we are here to assist More Info
Container Lumber Dry Kiln: Since 1991 developing and innovating dry kilns using standard shipping containers More Info
Supercritical CO2 Lumber Dry Kiln: Compact fast drying in 3 days or less for small amounts of wood and lumber drying More Info
BitCoin Mining: Bitcoin Mining and Cryptocurrency... More Info
Publications: Capstone Turbine publications for microturbine and distributed energy More Info
FileMaker Software for Renewable Energy Developing database software for the renewable energy industry More Info
CO2 Gas to Liquids On-Demand Production Cart Developing a supercritical CO2 to alcohol on-demand production system (via Nafion reverse fuel cell) More Info
Stranded Gas for low cost power Bitcoin Mining Using stranded gas for generators may provide breakthrough low power costs for cryptocurrency miners. More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@globalmicroturbine.com | RSS | AMP |