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SRI/USEPA-GHG-VR-27 September 2003 A Controlotron Model 1010EP1 energy meter was used to monitor PG supply and return temperatures. This meter is a digitally integrated system that includes a portable computer, ultrasonic fluid flow transmitters, and 1,000-ohm platinum resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). The fluid flow rate component failed intermittently during some of the field testing, so the meter was used only to monitor PG temperatures and to confirm the accuracy of a replacement meter used to monitor PG flow rates. An Onicon Model F-1110 turbine meter was used to continuously monitor PG fluid flow rate. The meter has an overall rated accuracy of ± 0.5 percent of reading and provides a continuous 4-20 mA output signal over a range of 0 to 80 gpm. The meter was installed in the 2-inch Type-L copper PG supply line by CDH Energy. The PG flow rate and supply and return temperature data were logged as one-minute averages throughout all test periods and used in Equation 2 to determine CHP system recovery rates. The two other variables in Equation 2—fluid density and specific heat—were determined by collecting PG samples during the test periods and submitting the samples to Energy Laboratories of Billings, MT, for compositional analyses. The PG samples were collected from a fluid discharge spout located on the hot side of the heat-recovery unit using 250-mL capacity sample containers. A total of six PG samples were collected, including one per day during the controlled test periods, and four during the extended monitoring period. Each sample collection event was recorded on field logs and shipped to the laboratory along with completed chain-of- custody forms. Samples were analyzed at the laboratory for PG concentration and fluid density using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Specific heat of the PG solution was selected using published PG properties data [6] using the measured concentrations. 1.4.3. Power Quality Performance There are a number of issues of concern when an electrical generator is connected in parallel and operated simultaneously with the utility grid. The voltage and frequency generated by the power system must be aligned with the power grid. The units must detect grid voltage and frequency while in grid parallel mode to ensure proper synchronization before actual grid connection occurs. The Capstone 60 system electronics contain circuitry to detect and react to abnormal conditions that, if exceeded, cause the unit to automatically disconnect from the grid. These out-of-tolerance operating conditions include overvoltages, undervoltages, and over/under frequency. With stakeholder input, the GHG Center has defined grid voltage tolerance as the nominal voltage ± 10 percent for previous verifications. Frequency tolerance is 60 ± 0.6 Hz (1.0 percent). Another issue is the generator’s effects on electrical frequency, power factor, and total harmonic distortion (THD)—they cannot be completely isolated from the grid. The quality of power delivered actually represents an aggregate of disturbances already present in the utility grid. An example is that local CHP power with low THD will tend to dampen grid power with high THD in the test facility’s wiring network. This effect will drop off with distance from the CHP generator. The GHG Center and its stakeholders developed the following power quality evaluation approach to account for these issues. Two documents [1,2] formed the basis for selecting the power quality parameters of interest and the measurement methods used. The GHG Center measured and recorded the following power quality parameters during the extended monitoring period: • Electrical frequency • Voltage • Voltage THD • Current THD • Power factor 1-12PDF Image | Environmental Technology Verification Report
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