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Chapter 5 Evaluation of Combined Heat and Power Technologies for Wastewater Treatment Facilities summer and winter months or even from week to week. Despite these limitations, the sale of digester gas to industrial users may be an attractive option in areas where the cost of natural gas is high and the cost of electricity is relatively low. Some contracts include return of process heat to the POTW for digester heating demands. Table 5-4. Des Moines Water Reclamation Authority – Digester Gas Sale to Industrial User • Surplus digester gas is treated and pressurized onsite and sold to a nearby industrial user for direct use as boiler fuel • 1.7 million ft3/day digester gas capacity • $80,000 per month savings Table 5-5 presents some of the advantages and disadvantages associated with selling digester gas to a third party. Table 5-5. Direct Digester Gas Sale to Industrial User Advantages Disadvantages • Usuallytheleastexpensiveofalldigestergasuseoptions. • Requirestheleastamountofonsitemechanicalequipmentof all digester gas use options. • Requirestheleastamountoffuelpressurizationandthushas lower electric costs than other digester gas utilization options. • Requiresalongtermpurchaseagreement. • Requirescontinuousgasusebythepurchasingindustry. • Canhavesignificantsafetyconcerns. • Mayrequireadditionaldigestergassamplingandtesting. • Contractpaymentsdependondigestergasflowmetersthatareoften unreliable. • Oftenrequiresamodifiedburnerontheenduser’sprimemover. • Requireslargequantitiesofdigestergasinordertobeeconomically viable. • Oftenrequireslarge-diameterconveyancepipetoaccommodatethe low pressure digester gas. • Requires,ataminimum,waterandH2Sremovalfromthedigestergas and often requires siloxane removal. • Offersadirectoffsetofotherwiserequiredfossil-fueluse. Every Btu of methane produced requires one less Btu of natural gas. • RenewablefuelcreditscanbemarketedpertheEnergyPolicy Act of 2005. 5.1.3 Digester Gas to Vehicle Fuel Another option for the beneficial use of digester gas is for the POTW to treat and compress digester gas onsite to produce methane of a quality suitable for use as fleet vehicle fuel. The purified and compressed methane could be attractive to municipalities that already have natural-gas-fired bus or industrial vehicle fleets. The primary disadvantages with converting digester gas to vehicle fuel are the costs associated with converting fleet vehicles for operation with purified methane, installing fueling stations, and installing digester gas purification and compression equipment. Based on the authors’ past experience, the cost of converting heavy duty vehicles, such as trucks and buses, from traditional fuel to purified, compressed methane fuel is about $40,000 to $55,000 per vehicle. Smaller fleet vehicles can be converted to operate with purified, compressed methane for significantly less cost than the larger vehicles. In some cases, conversion of digester gas to vehicle fuel is not practical due to the difficulty in identifying sufficient local fleet users to use all of the produced digester gas and making the necessary arrangements for fuel delivery. 5-3PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power Technologies for Wastewater Facilities
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