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Laminate quality was analyzed on the basis of void content and thickness variation, two frequently used defect metrics that can be accurately quantified via light microscopy. The void content was measured using image analysis software (ImageJ) by converting the stitched color image to 8-bit binary image, selecting the void regions, applying a binary threshold, and calculating the ratio of void area to total cross-sectional area within the region of interest. The void contents within the flange and corner regions were calculated individually for comparison. To quantify the thickness variability, nine measurement locations were selected, with three located in the left flange, three in the corner, and three in the right flange (Figure 2). The thickness at each individual location (xi) was then measured from the micrographs. The coefficient of variation (CoV) of the thickness, shown in equation (2), was used to compute a single numerical metric for the thickness non-uniformity of the entire laminate (n is the number of measurement locations). Other microstructural features, such as resin accumulation, were analyzed individually as described in the following section. x=(x1 +x2 +x3 +x4 +x5 +x6 +x7 +x8 +x9)/9 Coefficient of Variation = 1 ā(x ā x )2 x (nā1) 3. Results and Discussion 3.1Sets I and II- General Defects in Sharp Corner Laminates (1) (2) The two main defects observed in laminates were thickness variation and void content, both of which were concentrated in corner regions. Figure 3 (a) shows void contents in laminates made of prepreg A as a function of laminate thickness in flange regions, concave corner regions and convex DOI: 10.1002/pc.23773 11PDF Image | Vacuum Bag-Only Prepregs
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