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Processes 2020, 8, 1147 10 of 16 Despite the corner thinning, the laminates produced using SVB and DVB are 2.161% thicker than those produced using MSVB. This shows the effectiveness of the intensifier in controlling the laminate thickness by controlling the uniformity of the compaction force. An overall analysis of thickness variation showed a good consistency for the MSVB technique to not only maximize the shape conformation by avoiding bridging effect in the concave corner of the mold to prevent major corner thickening but also to prevent major corner thinning in convex corners. This study provides a basis to reduce thickness variations in laminated composites with complex shapes by an optimum selection of processing parameters for prepreg processing. For example, for a given laminate layup and geometry (corner angle), a concave molding set-up may be converted to a convex one to reduce defect levels. The results suggest that using a mold with convex corner angle is better than that of concave corner angles. Where it is necessary to use concave corners, an increase in local curvature angles and corner radii may avoid corner thickening and resin accumulation. Furthermore, Processes 2020, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 10 of 16 the use of intensifiers could further maximize thickness uniformity. Finally, for a typical prepreg pPrroocessessin20g20w, 8i,txhFvOaRrPioEuERs RchEVoIiEcWes of bagging techniques, cure cycles and molding conditions, t1h0eosfe16 results provide invaluable insight for final laminate quality. 2.8 Corner 2.8 Region Corner Region 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.00 20 40 60 80 100 A1B1 A1B2 A1B3 0 20 40 60 80 100 A1B1 A1B2 A1B3 (a) (a) 2.8 Corner 2.8 Region Corner Region 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.00 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 A2B1 40 A2B2 60 A2B3 80 100 A2B1 A2B2 A2B3 2.8 2.8 Corner Region Corner Region 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.00 20 40 60 80 100 Composite Length (mm) 0 20 40 60 80 100 A3B1 A3B2 A3B3 Composite Length (mm) (b) (b) (c) (c) A3B1 A3B2 A3B3 Figure 6. Thickness across the length of laminates with concave corner produced using (a) SVB, Figure 6. Thickness across the length of laminates with concave corner produced using (a) SVB, (b) MSVB, and (c) DVB techniques. (b) MSVB, and (c) DVB techniques. Figure 6. Thickness across the length of laminates with concave corner produced using (a) SVB, (b) MSVB, and (c) DVB techniques. The results for CoV in the laminate thickness produced on the convex corner of the mold and its variability are presented in Figure 7a,b, respectively. The grand means of the CoV and variability for The results for CoV in the laminate thickness produced on the convex corner of the mold and its convex-cornered laminates are 0.023 and −1.314, respectively. Similar to the pattern observed for variability are presented in Figure 7a,b, respectively. The grand means of the CoV and variability for LamiLnatmeinTahtieckTnheiscskn(mesms )(mm) LamiLnatmeiTnahtieckTnheiscskn(mesms )(mm) LamiLnamteinTahtieckTnheiscskn(mesms )(mm) concave corner results, vacuum bagging technique is the only parameter to demonstrate a statisticallyPDF Image | Processing Parameters for Vacuum-Bagging-Only Method on Shape
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