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Table of Contents Why Dry Wood? ............................................................................................................................5 How Dry Should Wood Be? ..........................................................................................................6 Wood Drying Methods ..................................................................................................................8 Air Drying..................................................................................................................................8 Forced-Air Air-Drying (or Fan Shed Drying) ...........................................................................9 Low Temperature Warehouse Predrying...................................................................................9 Low Temperature Dehumidification Drying .............................................................................9 Normal Temperature or Conventional Temperature Kiln Drying .............................................9 Drying Systems........................................................................................................................10 Degrade .................................................................................................................................... 10 Air Drying Degrade .................................................................................................................10 Forced-Air Air-Drying Degrade ..............................................................................................11 Predryer Degrade .....................................................................................................................11 DH Degrade .............................................................................................................................11 Kiln Drying Degrade ...............................................................................................................11 How Wood Dries - Definitions ....................................................................................................12 Definitions Related to Wood and Its Structure........................................................................12 Definitions Related to the Air Around Wood..........................................................................18 How Wood Dries - Shrinkage, Stresses, Moisture Gradients......................................................20 Stage I ......................................................................................................................................20 Stage II.....................................................................................................................................22 Stage III....................................................................................................................................23 Stage IV ...................................................................................................................................24 How Wood Dries - Environmental Effects..................................................................................25 Temperature .............................................................................................................................25 Relative Humidity....................................................................................................................25 V elocity .................................................................................................................................... 26 Changing the Rate of Drying (or) Changing the Amount of Degrade.....................................26 The Role of Velocity in Drying ...................................................................................................29 Drying Rate..............................................................................................................................29 Integral Effect ..........................................................................................................................30 Venting Effect..........................................................................................................................30 Heat Effect ...............................................................................................................................31 Electrical Consumption............................................................................................................31 Other Concerns With Velocity ................................................................................................31 Diagnostic Tools ......................................................................................................................32 Operating a Lumber Dryer...........................................................................................................34 Log Handling and Storage .......................................................................................................34 Stacking ...................................................................................................................................34 Preparing and Selecting Samples.............................................................................................34 Checking the Quality of Incoming Lumber .............................................................................36 Loading a Dryer .......................................................................................................................37 Starting a Dryer........................................................................................................................37 Final Quality Checks ...............................................................................................................38 2PDF Image | Principles and Practices of Drying Lumber
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