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In some of the defects compared, relevant studies were found that supported the observed results. The regional comparison revealed that discolourations because of temperature were considered a more important problem in Europe. Existing articles mention that these defects are a serious issue in the Nordic countries for both softwoods (Tarvainen et al., 2001) and hardwoods (Stenudd, 2001). Additionally, Kliger et al. (2001) report that shape deformations, achieving target moisture content, and reducing moisture content variability within boards are also causing major concerns in Europe. The results are in accordance with the study's findings. 5.2.4. Drying Process and Kiln Control Issues In general, drying process and kiln control issues were considered to be more important in Canada than in Europe. The only exceptions were: • Use of optimized schedules, electrical energy consumption, type of kiln control unit. The differences in these issues were not statistically significant in the two regions and these issues can be considered universal (see section 5.2.2.). • Use of spraying systems, which was significantly higher for Europe (mean value 3.2 compared to 2.7). In Canada, larger sizes of kilns and faster drying schedules (for softwoods) are factors that could possibly contribute to greater problems with respect to drying processes and kiln controls. It is more difficult to achieve uniform conditions in larger kilns and control the process. Accelerated drying schedules (used in softwood operations which were more frequent in Canada) may also present difficulties in controlling the whole process. In the south of Europe, commonly used species are hardwoods for which mild drying schedules are predominant. Mild schedules cause fewer difficulties during implementation. In addition, in the north of Europe, primarily two species of softwoods are dried (Esping, 1996). Therefore, it is relatively easy for 93PDF Image | KILN DRYING PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN CANADA
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