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4.1.11. Differences Related to Company's Characteristics The following 4 sections examine differences between companies that had different characteristics. More specifically, the analysis attempted to examine whether issues, such as dried product quality, drying process, kiln control and kiln drying related knowledge of groups, differed between companies based on the following variables: • Type of species dried (i.e., softwoods, hardwoods or both). • Geographical location. • Most frequent kiln type used. • Number of employees. These four variables were chosen because it was considered that they could have an effect on the importance kiln drying problems and issues. In order to conduct the analysis, companies were divided into groups of similar characteristics (e.g., companies using steam heated kilns, oil heated kilns, etc). Subsequently, Kruskal-Wallis tests (alpha = 0.05) were performed to show whether these groups had any statistically significant differences between them for every drying issue or problem (like shape deformations or thermal energy consumption). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used since data were not normal. In this test, it is assumed that sampled populations have equal dispersion and shape. However, the test is not greatly affected by violations of these assumptions (Zar, 1999). Additionally, the Kruskal-Wallis test makes the following assumptions which were met in this study (Garson, 2003): • Sampling is random. • Samples are independent. • Observations are independent (for every sample the response of one case not dependent on the response of previous case). • Data are at an ordinal level or higher and have a continuous distribution in the population. 59PDF Image | KILN DRYING PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN CANADA
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