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In Europe, the Nordic countries are of particular importance for the forestry sector. Scandinavia produces approximately 45% of the European softwood lumber (Welling & Poljd, 2001). In the Nordic countries, only two softwood species are used: Norway spruce and Scots pine. Between 90% and 95% of the softwood production is kiln dried. The majority of the lumber produced is exported to the rest of Europe. Research priorities in these countries include improvements in drying quality and efficiency, formulation of standards for drying quality, and communicating research findings to the industry (Esping, 1996). In terms of drying defects, Tarvainen et al. (2001) report that higher drying temperatures are used in the Nordic countries and, as a result, drying times and checking have been reduced. However, this practice has also increased the occurrence of discolouration. Nordic sawmills face the issue of achieving better quality without reducing current levels of production. At present, such a goal is unattainable and compromises need to be made (Gjerdrum, 2000). Other European countries are also concerned about dried product quality. In Ireland, one species (sitka spruce) is dominant (Knaggs, 1996b). Most forests are man-made and usually trees are felled at a rather young age (40 - 45 years). As a consequence, problems resulting from juvenile wood presence (especially shape deformations) are frequently experienced (Knaggs, 1996a). For South European countries like Portugal or Greece, it is reported that dried product quality is also becoming an important issue (Santos, 2002 and Skarvelis & Karaoulanis, 2001). In order to reveal the major kiln drying problems and issues in Europe, a survey was conducted in 2000 (Welling, 2000a). Fourteen countries participated in this study (see section 2.2.). 2.11. SUMMARY This chapter presented why and how wood is kiln dried. The importance of kiln drying for the Canadian wood products industry and the lack of current knowledge regarding kiln drying led to the present study. Its main objectives are to benchmark the kiln drying related problems and issues of Canadian companies, and to compare the Canadian and European kiln drying situations. The importance of achieving high 30PDF Image | KILN DRYING PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN CANADA
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