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Achieving the target moisture content and minimizing moisture gradients (i.e., reducing moisture content variation within boards) are serious problems in European countries. Additionally, shape deformations (mostly twist) cause over 10% of the kiln dried material to be rejected. Another cause for concern is insufficient communication between sawmills and the building industry. Problems appear because the wood products industry does not fully understand its customers' requirements. (Kliger et al., 2001). In Europe, the issue of product quality is growing in importance. This is particularly true for smaller operations which try to find niches by manufacturing specialty products (Welling & Poljo, 2001). It is not uncommon for those companies that process valuable material to use superheated steam vacuum kilns, since this kiln type dries lumber faster, with increased uniformity and quality (Oliveira et al., 2001). Attempts have been made to provide guidance regarding a definition of drying quality and ways to control it. A standardization system for specifying and evaluating drying quality was developed and is about to be implemented. The system includes standards for determining moisture content, estimating moisture content, assessing casehardening and drying quality (Welling, 2002). After the system is introduced to wood products companies, it will assist both in defining and sustaining quality. Thus, customers will be more satisfied and a better relationship between manufacturers and end users will be possible. However, difficulties are expected during the adoption phase of this standardization system. Substantial differences between European countries can be found regarding kiln drying issues. For example, a comparative study (Olek et al., 2002) of drying costs in Belgium and Poland revealed considerable differences between the two countries. Total costs were 65-77% lower in Poland. More specifically, variable costs were found to be 52-56% lower in Poland, the principal reason being lower prices for heat and electricity. However, fixed costs were 30-35% higher in Poland. The main reason for that was the lower rate of investment costs in Belgium (Olek et al., 2002). 29PDF Image | KILN DRYING PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN CANADA
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