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British Columbia is one of the most important provinces for the Canadian forestry sector. It accounted for almost half (46.7%) of the softwood lumber production in 1999 (COFI, 2000). Steam heated kilns are the most commonly used kilns in B.C. In the coastal region, western hemlock and white fir are the most commonly dried species. A mix of spruce-pine-fir is also very commonly dried in other regions of the province. The lack of training is a cause for concern among small wood products companies and generally inappropriate drying practices, insufficient maintenance, and improper calibration of equipment are commonly reported in B.C. A lack of communication between kiln operators and end users has also been noted. Improvements in stacking procedures, controls, monitoring air flow and preventing corrosion are recommended for B.C. producers (Torunski & Scholte, 1996). Quebec is the second largest province in terms of softwood lumber production (COFI, 2000). However, Leger et al. (2002) report that there is insufficient information regarding drying practices. Their recent study revealed that the local softwood lumber industry is adopting a high drying quality orientation (by producing for example premium grades) although it lacks the necessary controlling equipment. Consequently, time-based schedules are still predominantly used. Such a practice usually has a negative effect on dried product quality. In addition, companies commonly ignore the energy costs involved in kiln drying. Research priorities identified included the need to develop better controllers and tools for measuring quality (Leger et al., 2002). 2.10. KILN DRYING SITUATIONIN EUROPE Today, the majority of sawn timber produced in Europe is kiln dried with the most common type of kiln being the conventional heat and vent. The wood products industry is fragmented to a large extent and not very organized. The traditional structure of the markets is being transformed and timber agents are not used as much since sawn wood processors deal directly with producers. "Just in time" deliveries may be required as well as customized drying specifications. Warranties are usually necessary for issues such as mould growth, dimensional stability, and durability. All these issues are related to moisture content and drying (Welling, 2002). 28PDF Image | KILN DRYING PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN CANADA
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